2. End of the Middle Ages Global I: Spiconardi

3. The Magna Carta  The Magna Carta (1215)  Upset that Pope Innocent III excommunicated King John of England and in turn all of England…  John forced to sign the Magna Carta

4. The Magna Carta  Magna Carta  Document that limits the power of the monarchy and guarantees feudal rights  Establishes parliament  Parliament  representative body that governs with the king and makes laws  First time in European history that a king’s power was limited by the people

5. Checkpoint 1.The real significance of the Magna Carta was its embodiment of the principle that 1.basic human and civil rights belonged to every citizen 2.the feudal system was dead in England 3.England would voluntarily give up its territorial claims in France 4.monarchs are subject to the law and can be restrained if they violate the law

7. The Hundred Years’ War (1337 – 1453)  War between England & France over England’s right to govern France  In 1337, King Philip VI of France takes back the fief of Aquitaine from King Edward III of England  King Edward III in turn claimed the title of “King of France”  His grandfather was King Philip IV of France As Duke of Aquitaine, the King of England was actually a vassal to the King of France

8. The Hundred Years’ War (1337 – 1453) Charles VII of FranceHenry IV of England

9. The Hundred Years’ War (1337 – 1453)

10.  Joan d’Arc  13 year old girl who hears the voice of God through saints  Believes she is to lead the French and restore a Frenchmen to the throne of France  Cuts hair and dresses like a man in order to join the army  Leads French to major victories over the English  War turns in Frances favor  Put on trial by Catholic Church after being captured by England’s allies  Burned at the stake in 1431 for witchcraft

11. The Hundred Years’ War (1337 – 1453)  The Longbow  Ends chivalric warfare  Knights no longer necessary  Arrows were deadly from within 100 yards  Could hit targets from as far as 200 yards

12. The Hundred Years’ War (1337 – 1453)  Impact  French win war in 1453  Increased nationalism in Europe  Nationalism  pride in one’s own country or culture  Feudalism is completely collapsed in Western Europe  Mercenaries hired as opposed to lords  Peasant revolts  Demand more rights  Angry over increased taxes to fund war  MARKS THE END OF THE MIDDLE AGES

13. Assessment  We have discussed over the last three classes how feudal structure began to fade in Western Europe. Write a paragraph identifying three factors that contributed to the collapse of feudalism in Western Europe.