1. Thank you for helping me achieve my mission 1% test takers Thank you for helping me achieve my mission 1% test takers

2. Day 2- Introduction& conclusion Day 2- Introduction& conclusion

3. Review

4. 2014.07.19 The government has the duty to ensure its citizens have a healthy diet, while others believe it is individuals’ responsibility. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 2014.08.09 Some people think that governments should ban dangerous sports. Others, however, believe that people should have the freedom of choosing sports activities they like. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 2012.09.01 Many countries spend a lot of money preparing competitors to take part in major sports competitions such as the Olympics, football world cup etc. Some people think that it would be better to use this money to encourage children to participate in sports activities. To what extent do you agree or disagree ？ Please write the structure of these topics

5. Review 2013.10.10 Some people believe that giving aid to poorer countries has more negative effects than positive effects. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2012.02.09 The spread of multinational companies and resulting increase of globalization produces positive effects for everyone. To what extent to you agree or disagree? Please write the structure of these topics

6. E.g. best solution Some people say that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of sports facilities. Others, however, say that this would have little effect on public health and that other measures are required. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. ( 结合 D1_homework_part2 No.1-traffic) A problem of modern societies is the declining level of health in the general population, with conflicting views on how to tackle this worrying trend. One possible solution is to provide more sports facilities to encourage a more active lifestyle. Advocates of this believe that today’s sedentary lifestyle and stressful working conditions mean that physical activity is no longer part of either our work or our leisure time. If there were easy-to-reach local sports centers, we would be more likely to make exercise a regular part of our lives, rather than just collapsing in front of a screen every evening. The variety of sports that could be offered would cater for all ages, level of fitness and interests: those with painful memories of PE at school might be happier in the swimming pool than on the football pitch. Body1: Solution in the topic is correct ( A ) Body2: (drawbacks of current solution) + other solutions ( B ) Body1: Solution in the topic is correct

7. E.g. best solution However, there may be better ways of tackling this problem. Interest in sport is not universal, and additional facilities might simply attract the already fit, not those who most need them ( drawback ). Physical activity could be encouraged relatively cheaply, for example by installing exercise equipment in parks, as my local council has done ( Solution 1). This has the added benefit that parents and children often use them today just for fun, which develops a positive attitude to exercise at an early age. As well as physical activity, high tax penalties ( Solution 2) could be imposed on high-fat food products, tobacco and alcohol, as excessive consumption of any of this contributes to poor health. Even improving public transport would help: it takes longer to walk to the bus stop than the car ( Solution 3 ). Body2: other solutions In my opinion, focusing on sports facilities is too narrow an approach and would not have the desired results. People should be encouraged not only to be more physically active but also to adopt a healthier lifestyle in general. Conclusion

8. Learning objectives Write introduction and conclusion for different topics Paraphrase Identify common countable & uncountable nouns Agree disagree/ both views / advantages or disadvantages

9. introduction and conclusion Agree/Disagree Yes/No Some people think that all the students can benefit from having a gap year before university studies, do you agree or disagree? Introduction/ conclusion recipesexample introductionbackground+ (topic opinion)+ yes/no It is common for students to have a gap year between secondary school and university. I believe that this will benefit all students. (23 words) conclusionconcession +yes/no In conclusion, although there is a slim chance that a gap year could affect students negatively, I believe this experience will be beneficial to every student’s wellbeing. (27 words)

10. introduction and conclusion Agree/Disagree both A&B Some people believe that governments should not support the arts (painting, music, sculpture) and instead support other areas such as public health or education. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Introduction/ conclusion recipesexample introduction background + (topic opinion)+ A&B are good There has been a debate about whether arts or public sectors like health or education are more worthy of government funding. I believe both fields need to be supported. (29 words) conclusionA&B are goodIn conclusion, neither the value of the arts nor of education and public health can be ignored. Therefore, government funding needs to be apportioned in all areas appropriately. (28 words)

11. introduction and conclusion Agree/Disagree middle Some people think that all the students can benefit from having a gap year before university studies, do you agree or disagree? Introduction/ conclusion recipesexample introduction background+(topic opinion) + depends on It is common for students to have a gap year between secondary school and university. I believe only students with good self-control will benefit from this. (26 words) conclusiondepends onIn conclusion, I believe this trend will be conducive to most students’ wellbeing only if they are aware of the importance of academic qualifications and are able to control their behaviour. It would threaten students’ education and career if they are not well- disciplined. (43 words)

12. introduction and conclusion Both views A or B Some people believe that students should have a gap year before university studies; others think this will have negative impacts on students. Discuss both views and provide your own opinion. Introduction/ conclusion recipesexample introduction (Background)+topic opinion+summary It is common for students to have a gap year between secondary school and university. There are contradictory views about whether or not taking time off would benefit students. Both schools of thought will be discussed in this essay, followed by my own perspective on this matter. (46 words) conclusionmy opinion+ concession+ refutation+ my opinion In conclusion, I believe taking a gap year could benefit all students. Although students may end up unwilling to continue their studies, we must take into consideration the importance of academic qualifications in future job hunting, which makes it impossible for students to refuse to return to universities. Therefore, I believe it is beneficial for all students to spend a year experiencing “real” life before going to universities. (68 words)

13. introduction and conclusion Both views A&B Some people believe that governments should not support the arts (painting, music, sculpture). Others think governments should support other areas such as public health and education. Discuss both views and provide your own opinion. Introduction/ conclusion recipesexample introduction topic opinion+summary conclusionA&B are goodIn conclusion, neither the value of the arts nor of education and public health can be ignored. Therefore, government funding needs to be apportioned in all areas appropriately. (28 words)

14. introduction and conclusion Both views Middle Some people believe that students should have a gap year before university studies; others think this will have negative impacts on students. Discuss both views and provide your own opinion Introduction/ conclusion recipesexample introduction topic opinion+summary conclusionmy opinion+ depends on In conclusion, I believe this trend will be conducive to most students’ wellbeing only if they are aware of the importance of academic qualifications and are able to control their behaviours. It would threaten students’ education and career if they are not well- disciplined. (43 words)

15. introduction and conclusion advantages/ disadvantages Do the advantages for having a gap year before university studies outweigh disadvantages? Introduction/ conclusion recipesexample introduction background+ more advantages/disadvan tages It is common for students to have a gap year between secondary school and university. I believe there are more advantages than disadvantages to this trend. (26 words) conclusionmore advantages/ disadvantages As discussed above, there are more benefits than drawbacks for students should they decide to take a gap year before college. (21 words)

16. introduction and conclusion positive/negative trend Nowadays, there are many students who take a gap year before university studies. Is it a positive or negative trend? Introduction/ conclusion recipesexample introduction background+ positive/negative trend It is common for students to have a gap year between secondary school and university. I believe this is a positive phenomenon (23 words) conclusionpositive/negative trend In conclusion, although there is a slim chance that a gap year could affect students negatively, I believe this experience will be beneficial to every student’s wellbeing. (27 words)

17. Common expressions examplereplacement expressionsyour recipe It is believed that. ( topic opinion) There be There is an idea/ a statement that.. ( sentence ) It is adj. that.. It is believed that /claimed that/suggested that... ( sentence ) I believe.. ( my opinion) In my opinion, From my perspective, I think/feel that... As far as I am concerned, Personally speaking I agree with it. ( my opinion) Sb support it. Sb be in favour of Sb agree with it ( I agree with it. ) I disagree with it. ( my opinion) I am against/oppose A. Sb be in opposition to sth (doing sth) neither the value of arts nor of education and public health can be ignored. be ignored = be overlooked/neglected Sb/sth be oblivious to sth/doing sth = ignore We cannot be oblivious to.. Both A and B are important... … play an important role in... Important: essential/crucial/significant

18. Common expressions examplereplacement expressionsyour recipe In conclusion, To summarize, In conclusion, In summary, To sum up, As shown above, Given these points, As has been discussed,

19. Background Types of backgroundExamplesReplacement expressions Your answer popular trend E.g. It is common for young people to take a gap year. Sth has developed into a growing trend. Having a gap year has developed into a growing trend. Our society has been witnessing a growing trend of sth/ sb doing sth Our society has been witnessing a growing trend of students taking a gap year before starting their university studies. common prevalent popular universal witnessing experiencing of developed countries helping those in poverty.

20. Background Types of backgroundExamplesReplacement expressions Your answer development sth. +v. + adv. E.g. Technology has been developing rapidly. adj. + n. sth has been experiencing a... development Technology has been experiencing a tremendous development. There has been a tremendous development in sth There has been a tremendous development in technology. Our society has been witnessing a... development of sth Our society has been witnessing a tremendous development in technology. rapidly exponentially at an exponential rate immensely tremendous development: exponential online education globalization technology

21. Background Types of backgroundExamplesReplacement expressions Your answer problem E.g. The problem of air pollution has been exacerbated. (lots of bad things in a society) 1.We are surrounded by… We are surrounded by lots of advertising. 2.Our society is bombarded with… Our society is bombarded with advertising. Our society has been witnessing... Our society has been witnessing the detrimental impact of air pollution. exacerbate aggravate surrounded by bombarded by be bombarded with be saturated with We live in an advertising-saturated society. detrimental impact: harmful impact deleterious impact exacerbated problem

22. Topic opinion paraphrase

23. change the sentence structure e.g. Advertisements need to be banned because they are bad for children. methodexample order of clause/sentence （句子顺序） Since advertisements are bad for children, they need to be banned. clause-phrase ( 从句－短语） Advertisements need to be banned due to the negative impacts on children. 顺序＋从句： Due to the negative impacts of advertisements on children, advertising needs to be banned.

24. paraphrase key words e.g. Advertisements need to be banned because they are bad for children. methodexample synonyms: words with similar meanings Advertisements need to be prohibited because they are bad for children. form: verb-n/adj-n/adj-adv etc. … Advertising needs to be banned because it has negative impacts on children active voice-passive voiceWe need to ban advertising because they are bad for children. It is necessary for us to prohibit advertising due to its negative impacts on children.

25. Practice please paraphrase the following sentences: Some people think the best way to solve traffic congestion in cities is to provide free public transport 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. E.g. The solution to traffic jams is making public transportation free of charge, running 24 hours a day, every day. Many young people choose to change their job after few years. E.g. Young people leave for new positions after working for a short period of time. It is necessary to travel to other places to learn about other cultures. E.g. Visiting other places to gain cultural knowledge is imperative for us.

26. Nouns-Countable nouns Singular form: Singular countable nouns cannot be used alone. They must have a determiner: the, a, an or my, his, her, their, our, your When there is no determiner, add “s” after a countable noun E.g. I like reading book.  I like reading books. I like reading the book.

27. Countable nouns Examples solutions, problems, impacts, influences, effects relationships, cultures skills, abilities, capacities, responsibilities energy sources crimes, sports advertisements, advertising funds, funding

28. plural forms We usually add –s to make a plural noun book → books We add -es to nouns ending in –ss; -ch; - s; -sh; -x - gas → gases When a noun ends in a consonant and -y we make the plural in -ies.. country → countries If a noun ends in a vowel and -y we add s ei/ i/ ai/ ou/ u/ boy boys day → days irregular pluralsMan→ men; woman → women; child → children; foot → feet; person→ people; medium→ media ( mass media are )

29. Uncountable nouns CategoriesExamples Abstract ideas knowledge, news, advertising, homework, advice, success, progress, improvement, development, employment, reliability, safety, scenery Activities swimming, walking, driving, reading, studying shopping, research management entertainment violence Subjects mathematics, science, economics, physics Substancesfood, water, wine, salt, bread, iron Feelings and qualities confidence, patience, stress, courage, happiness, concentration, focus Common uncountable nouns which are countable in other languages baggage, luggage equipment, furniture, machinery, traffic, transportation

30. Homework Please write introduction and conclusion for each topic Keep practicing until you can finish one “introduction+conclusion” in 5 minutes