1. 1.4 1.4 4.1 1.4 1.4 1.4 COMMUNICATING FOR SUCCESS
Copyright 2013 © WSCAP Washington State Apprentice Program
COMMUNICATING FOR SUCCESS
1.4
Principles of Electricity
COMMUNICATING FOR SUCCESS
COMMUNICATING FOR SUCCESS
COMMUNICATING FOR SUCCESS
COMMUNICATING FOR SUCCESS
COMMUNICATING FOR SUCCESS
COMMUNICATING FOR SUCCESS
COMMUNICATING FOR SUCCESS
1.4
4.1
1.4
1.4
1.4
Copyright 2013 © WSCAP Washington State Apprentice Program
Copyright 2013 © WSCAP Washington State Apprentice Program
Copyright 2013 © WSCAP Washington State Apprentice Program
Copyright 2013 © WSCAP Washington State Apprentice Program

2. ELECTRICITY
Electricity is a form of energy that, when in motion, exhibits magnetic, chemical, or thermal effects.
Electricity is a flow of electrons, which are negatively charged subatomic particles.

3. ELECTRICITY A. Electric Current B. Conductor
Flow of electricity along a conductor
B. Conductor
Any substance, material, or medium that conducts electricity
C. Insulator (Nonconductor)
Rubber
Wood
Glass
Cement

4. ELECTRICITY D. Complete Circuit
The path of an electric current from the generating source through conductors back to its original source

5. TYPES OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
A. Direct Current (DC)
Constant, even-flowing current, traveling in one direction
B. Alternating Current (AC)
Rapid, interrupted current flowing in one direction then in the opposite direction
C. Converters
Used to change direct current into alternating current
D. Rectifiers
Used to change alternating current into direct current

6. TYPES OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
Electrical Measurements
Volt
Ampere (AM-peer)
Milliampere (mil-ee-AM-peer)
Ohm
Watt
Kilowatt
Figure 7-16
Figure 7-17

7. TYPES OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
Safety Devices
Fuse
Circuit breaker
Electrical Equipment Safety
Inspect regularly.
Never overload circuits.
Check for UL (Underwriter’s Laboratory) approval.
Ensure that appliances are grounded.

8. TYPES OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
Hints for the Safe Use of Electricity
Ensure UL certification.
Study instructions on use of equipment.
Disconnect appliances when not in use.
Inspect all electrical equipment regularly.
Keep wires, plugs, and equipment in good repair. Use one plug per outlet.
Avoid contact with water or metal when using electricity.
Do not leave the room when client is connected to any electrical device.
Keep cords off floor to avoid tripping.
Do not attempt to clean around electric outlets while equipment is plugged in.

9. TYPES OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
Hints for the Safe Use of Electricity
Do not touch two metallic objects at the same time if either is connected to current.
Do not step on or set objects on electrical cords.
Do not allow cords to become twisted or bent.
Disconnect appliances by pulling plug, not cord.
Do not attempt to repair electrical appliances unless you are qualified.
Never tamper with wiring or plugs to get them to fit into a receptacle they were not designed for.

10. ELECTROTHERAPY Wall Plate Modalities Electrode Polarity
Facial stimulator
Modalities
Currents
Electrode
Apparatus that conducts electric current from a machine to the client’s skin
Polarity
Positive or negative state of electric current

11. ELECTROTHERAPY Polarity Test #1 Polarity Test #2
Separate tips and immerse in salt water.
Turn the selector switch to galvanic current.
As water is decomposed, more active bubbles will accumulate at negative pole.
Polarity Test #2
Place tips of two conducting cords on two separate pieces of blue moistened litmus paper.
Paper under positive pole will turn red.
Paper under negative pole will remain blue.

12. ELECTROTHERAPY Galvanic Current Positive Pole Results Active electrode
Inactive electrode
Positive pole, anode, red
Negative pole, cathode, black
Positive Pole Results
Produces acidic reactions
Closes pores
Soothes nerves
Decreases blood supply
Contracts blood vessels
Hardens or firms tissues

13. ELECTROTHERAPY Negative Pole Results
Produces alkaline reactions
Opens pores
Stimulates and irritates nerves
Increases blood supply to skin
Expands blood vessels
Softens tissues
Iontophoresis (eye-ahn-toh-foh-REE-sus)
Process of introducing water-soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current
Cataphoresis (kat-uh-fuh-REE-sus)
Anaphoresis (an-uh-for-EES-sus)
Desincrustation (des-in-krus-TAY-shun)

14. ELECTROTHERAPY Faradic Current Benefits Sinusoidal Current Benefits
Improves muscle tone
Promotes waste product removal
Increases blood circulation
Relieves congested blood
Increases glandular activity
Stimulates hair growth
Increases metabolism
Sinusoidal Current Benefits
Supplies greater stimulation; less irritating than faradic
Soothes nerves, penetrates muscle tissue
Best suited for nervous clients

15. ELECTROTHERAPY CAUTIONS for Faradic and Sinusoidal Currents
Do not use if it causes pain or discomfort.
Do not use if face is very florid.
Do not use if client has gold-filled teeth, high blood pressure, or pustular condition of skin.
Tesla High-Frequency Current
Has high rate of oscillation or vibration
Used for scalp and facial treatments
Used to treat thinning hair, itchy scalp, and excessively oily or dry skin
Figure 7-24

16. ELECTROTHERAPY Benefits of Tesla Current
Stimulates circulation of blood
Increases glandular activity
Aids in elimination and absorption
Increases metabolism
Improved germicidal action
Relieves congestion

17. OTHER ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
Conventional Hood Dryer
For drying hair
Electric Curling Irons
For curling hair
Heating Caps
For scalp treatments
Processing or Accelerating Machine
Accelerates hair services
Steamer or Vaporizer
For facials
Vibrator
For massage
Blow Dryer

18. LIGHT THERAPY Therapeutic Lamps Ultraviolet Rays (UV)
produce same rays as the sun.
produce thermal, mechanical, and chemical effects.
Ultraviolet Rays (UV)
Short wavelengths
Least penetrating rays
Chemical effects
Benefits of Ultraviolet Rays
Kill germs
Produce vitamin D on skin
Treat psoriasis
Treat acne
Stimulate production of melanin

19. LIGHT THERAPY Disadvantages of Ultraviolet Rays
May cause sunburn
May cause skin cancer
Application of Ultraviolet Rays
Lamp should be 30 inches to 36 inches from skin.
Exposure should last only 2 to 3 minutes
Exposure can be increased gradually to 7 to 8 minutes.
Infrared Rays
60% of natural light
Penetrate the deepest
Produce the most heat
Have long wavelengths

20. LIGHT THERAPY
Visible Light Rays
White light
Blue light
Red light

21. SUMMARY
Electricity plays an important role in the everyday operations of a cosmetology salon.
A general understanding of electricity and the various currents is very important because of the devices and equipment used in salon services.
We cannot perform skin care services safely and effectively without understanding which form of electrical current gives the best results for the desired service.