1. Mediterranean Civilization
Rome:
From Monarchy
to Republic
to empire

2. Mediterranean Civilization
RomE
Fact VS Fiction
--Founded in the 8th century at the mouth of the Tiber River. --Founded near a group of hills called the Palatine. --The Latini were an agricultural and pastoral group
--Rome was founded by
the sons of Mars
--Romulus and Remus
raised by wolves were
directed to build Rome
in Latium (Seven vultures fly around seven times near seven hills)
--Romulus kills Remus, Rome bears his name

3. Mediterranean Civilization
Romulus and Remus

4. Mediterranean Civilization
Seven Hills of Rome

5. Mediterranean Civilization
The Story of Romulus and Remus

6. Mediterranean Civilization
Early Settlements in Italy South—Settled by Greeks, areas include Campagnia, Apulia and Sicily North—settled by the Gauls (Celtic origins). They occupied the Po River Valley. They were taken over by the Etruscans.

7. Mediterranean Civilization
Royal Period ( B.C.) Seven Kings of Rome Romulus Numa Pompilius Tullus Hostilius Ancus Marcius Tarquin Priscus Servius Tullius Tarquin the Proud

8. Mediterranean Civilization
The Roman Republic (509—133 B.C.)
Tarquin the Proud loses power in 509 B.C. He is
overthrown by Junius Brutus. As a result a republic
is formed officials are elected.
Roman Society
Patricians—wealthy landowners
Plebieans—farmers, trades people and craft
workers. They made up 90% of the
population.

9. Mediterranean Civilization
Roman Government
Consuls—two elected Patricians for one year.
Responsibilities
--initiated legislation
--served as head of the judiciary and military
--served as chief priest to the nation
Limitations
--only served for one year
--had veto power, could veto the other
--had to serve on the Senate after their term

10. Mediterranean Civilization
Roman Government
Magistrates—assisted Consuls
Proconsuls—Consuls whose terms in office were
extended because of military campaigns
Quaestors—two financial officers, determining
property values for taxes
Praetor—judicial official

11. Mediterranean Civilization
Roman Government Censor—drew up the roll of citizens and fixed their tax status. The job of censor went to former consuls. They were the least corruptible. They had the power to dismiss Senators. Senate—Consuls appointed members of senate for life terms Assembly of Tribes—protected the rights of the plebeians and had veto power

12. Mediterranean Civilization
Struggle of the Orders
The Patrician class attempting to hold onto power while the
Plebeians attempted to achieve social and political equality.
Plebeians Patricians
90% %
--produced the food wealthy
--supplied labor ran government
--supplied soldiers controlled the
economy
The Plebeians withdrew from society in 494 B.C. to the
Sacred Mount and formed the Tribal Assembly.

13. Mediterranean Civilization
Tribal Assembly
--Headed by tribunes who were heads of their tribes.
--They could veto any decision by a Roman Official
or magistrate.
--They had the power to authorize their own
legislation, non-binding for Patricians.

14. Mediterranean Civilization
A glimpse of teenage life in ancient rome

15. Mediterranean Civilization
Tribal Assembly
Results
450 B.C.—Law of the Twelve Tables
445 B.C.—Acquired the right to marry a Patrician
367 B.C.—Allowed to be elected to Consul
300 B.C.—Allowed to serve at all levels of the
priesthood
287 B.C.—Decision and legislation of Plebeian
assembly was binding over all citizens

16. Mediterranean Civilization

17. Mediterranean Civilization
Empire Building Punic Wars Rome and Carthage both have influence in the southern portion of the Mediterranean. Rome’s sphere of influence includes southern Italy. Carthage’s sphere of influence includes western edge of Sicily, Sardinia western North Africa and southern Spain.

18. Mediterranean Civilization
Empire Building Punic Wars
dcc.dickinson.edu

19. Mediterranean Civilization
Empire Building Punic Wars
Thelatinlibrary.com

20. Mediterranean Civilization
First Punic War ( B.C.)
--Messina revolts against Carthage
--Roman navy defeats the
Carthaginians
--Rome takes control of Sardinia and
Corsica

21. Mediterranean Civilization
Second Punic War ( B.C.)
--Saguntum, Spain asked for an alliance
with Rome.
--Hanibal attacks Saguntum and destroys
it.
--Hannibal crosses the Alps and conquers
northern Italy. He doesn’t have enough
supplies and roams the countryside.
--Hannibal returns to Carthage and is
defeated by Scipio in 202 B.C.

22. Mediterranean Civilization
Third Punic War ( B.C.)
--First half of second century, Carthage
regains its power.
--Romans demanded Carthaginians move
inland, they refused.
--Romans went from town to town
slaughtering the inhabitants selling
people into slavery.

23. Mediterranean Civilization
Punic War Result Rome had turned from a regional power to an international empire.

24. Mediterranean Civilization
Metropolitan Museum of Art