1. Dr. Anna Kajumulo Tibaijuka
SUSTAINABLE URBANIZATION: THE CHALLENGE OF RAPID AND CHAOTIC URBANIZATION IN THE FACE OF CLIMATE CHANGE
TAKING ACTION ON TH E CAUSES OF URBAN CHAOS AND THE DIVIDED CITY By
Dr. Anna Kajumulo Tibaijuka
Under-Seceretary-General of United Nations
Executive Director of UN-HABITAT
Director General of the United Nations Office at Nairobi

2. The Challenge: Rapid and Chaotic Urbanization
GLOBAL POPULATION RURAL/URBAN
RURAL
63%
URBAN
37%
RURAL
53%
URBAN
47%
RURAL
40%
URBAN
60%
Currently, rigorous transformations on the urban landscape are occurring basically all over the word. This planet is no longer a rural planet. Today more than half of mankind lives in cities or in urban conglomerations.
The urbanisation trend is remarkably strong and every day the population of a city like Helsingborg or Bergen is added to the urban list. Globally, approximately 150,000 people become new urban citizens every day. Most of these are not migrants, but are born in the city.
So 30 years ago every third person was urban, now every second and in only 30 years, two-thirds will be urban. This is the largest demographic change in the history of humankind, and that is not an overstatement.
The urbanisation is not uniform. Urbanisation in Europe and much of the Americas is already fact, whereas Africa and large tracts of Asia are still predominantly rural. But not for long, as urbaisation increase can be measured to be 5 -6 % a year, wheras rural growth has come to a stand-still.
We don't know how to deal with it. It has never happened before. We need to invent the urban future, its concept, human relations, and its environmental systems. "Business as usual" will not be good enough.
1970
2000
2030 2

3. The Challenge: Rapid Growth of Slums
Population of The World 8 7
Billion people 6 5 4 3 2
The 2-3 billion people that are going to become urban over the coming 20 years, the slum dwellers out of them will increase from 1 billion – we have 1 billion slum dwellers today – ito some 1.4 billion with "business as usual", in 20 years. That is an increase of slum population corresponding to a Växjö a day.
The governments of the world have committed themselves to reduce this increase speed, maybe to reduce it or keep it at the 1 billion level in 20 years, and that means we add another 800 million to the modern sector of the future cities. So if we are successful in reducing the growth of slums, we will have to deal with an unprecedented urban planning and construction boom. 1
1850
1900
1950
2000
2020
2050
Year
Rural population
Urban population
Urban slum population
REF: UN-HABITAT, Global Urban Observatory 3

4. Total Number of the World’s Slum Dwellers: Distribution of Slum Population by Region (2001)

5. Slum Dwellers as a percentage of the Urban Population: By Region (2001)

6. The Rising Incidence of Disasters
The number of recorded natural and human-made disaster events has increased dramatically in recent decades with much of this rise taking place in developing parts of the world, especially Asia and Africa.
Cities are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, as this is where much of the population growth over the next two decades will take place. Moreover, cities and human settlements continue to expand in coastal locations exposed to extreme weather related disasters.
Within cities, slum dwellers are especially vulnerable to disasters as most live in more accessible (cheaper) yet hazardous locations in cities such as industrial waste sites, floodplains, riverbanks and steep slopes. Income generation is a more immediate concern for the urban poor than disaster risk as they chose to live in hazardous locations in order to access livelihood opportunities.

7. Natural and Human Made Disasters

8. 250 hectares (2.5 square kilometers) 3 square meters per person
The Challenge: Example of Kibera Slum, Nairobi
750,000 slum dwellers
250 hectares (2.5 square kilometers)
3 square meters per person 8

9. The Challenge: Example of Kibera Slum, Nairobi9

10. SLUMS: DENSITY, HOUSING, HIV & ORPHANS, SANITATION, GARBAGE

11. Security of Tenure

12. UN-HABITAT’s strategy
Short term –
Slum upgrading
Long term –
Sustainable urban planning
MDG
Medium term –
Pro-poor serviced land

13. MDG UN-HABITAT’s Strategy on Sustainable Urbanization Investments
Adequate Shelter
Women’s inheritance/ownership
AG on forced evictions
Cites Without Slums Program
Tenure/property/rental rights
Land Donor Coordination
Legal reform
MDG
Investments
SUF - The Slum Upgrading Facility
Urban Governance
Credits
Economics
Urban Water & Sanitation
Urban Environment
Urban Safety
Sustainable Relief
HIV/AIDS
Designed to link normative
qualities to large-scale
urban investments
Training of LA’s

14. Thank You!