1. Meister Eckhart (c. 1260-1329) Dominican and mystic Achieving unity with God by forsaking affliction by material things Transcendence of God 1326 on Writings scrutinised for heresy

2. Margarete Porete of Paris (d. 1310) 1296-1306 Bishop of Cambrai condemns Mirror of Simple (Annihilated) Souls 1310 Margarete burned Rejection of institutional church and its rituals

3. Julian of Norwich (1343-c. 1419) Age 30 Near-fatal illness and revelations Becomes anchorite in church of St Julian in Norwich Book of Revelations (of Divine Love)

4. Feels called to correct failings of church 1376 Travels to Avignon, urges pope to return to Rome 1377 Pope returns to Rome! Catherine of Siena (1347-80)

5. God is in everything and everything reverts to God after death Thus no Hell, Purgatory or sin Some ascetic, but many seeing this as justification for loose behaviour Brethren of the Free Spirit

6. Start in 13th c. in Low Countries, spread through Germany in 14th c. Living in common, supporting selves through work or begging. Vows of chastity and obedience 1415 Council of Constance gives formal acceptance to Beguines and Beghards Beguines and Beghards

7. Founded in Holland by Geert Groote (1340-84) Small groups joining for prayer and charitable work Thomas à Kempis, The Imitation of Christ Brethren of the Common Life

8. c. 1375 Wycliffe rises to prominence with attacks on: (Wycliffe also teaching Church wealthpredestination, importance of Bible Sinful clergyover church teaching) Sacraments (incl. Eucharist) John Wycliffe (c. 1330-84)

9. 1377 Wycliffe’s teachings condemned by pope 1382 English church council condemns Wycliffe’s teachings Lollards Henry V (r. 1413-22) John Wycliffe (c. 1330-84)

10. Late 14th c. Wycliffe’s teachings passing to Bohemia 1403 Archbishop’s office in Prague has teachings examined by university. They are eventually condemned 1412 John Hus (1370-1415) preaches against indulgences, is excommunicated and expelled with supporters from Prague Hussitism

11. Nov 3rd 1414 Hus arrives at Council of Constance under safe-conduct from Sigismund, King of Germany (r. 1410-37), but is arrested, imprisoned and tried July 6th 1415 Hus burned for heresy Hussitism

12. Sept 1415 500 Czech nobles reject authority of Council of Constance 1419 Hussite mob seize Prague, massacre town council. Repeated victories against Sigismund follow 1431 Major Hussite victory. Council of Basle negotiates with Hussites 1434 Conservative Hussites and Catholics ally Hussitism

13. 1434 Alliance defeat radical Hussites 1436 Sigismund recognised by most as King of Bohemia Hussitism

14. 14th c. Rise in accusations of and trials for witchcraft incl. devil-worship Witchcraft Trials