1. The Dark Ages 500-1000 A.D.

2. Characteristics  Roman civilization disappeared.  Wars raged constantly.  Towns emptied.  Learning ceased.

3. The Franks  The strongest and most successful kingdom between 400-700.

4. Clovis  Ruler in the late 400’s.  Conquered Gaul.  Converted to Christianity.

5. Muslims/ Moors overran Spain!!!

6. Charles Martel  Led the Franks and defeated Muslims at Tours in 732.

7. Charlemagne  Over 6’ foot tall.  Reigned for 46 years.  Supported by Pope Leo III

9. Education Changes  Set up schools where grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy were studied.

10. The End of an Empire  814, the Frankish Empire collapsed.

11. Charlemagne’s Sons  Created the Treaty of Verdun which broke the empire into 3 parts.

12. Magyars and Vikings  Most feared barbarians in Europe.

13. A New System was needed to protect the people.

14. Feudalism

15. What is feudalism?  It is a system of rule where local lords divide up their land to lesser lords for service and loyalty.

16. How did feudalism come about?  Feudalism began with people joining together in response to common problems. These problems included danger from foreign invaders, the lack of a common currency or trade, and food shortages.

17. The Invaders: Muslims, Magyars, and Vikings.

18. The Trade: Vassals were given large plots of land, called fiefs, in exchange for:  40 days of military service per year  Money, mostly by crops.  Advice.

19. The Serfs  The serfs were the lowest segment of society. They were bound to the land and often had to pay the lord more than half of their crops in taxes.

20. Who started this system?  In 1066, William I or William the Conqueror took control of England. He instituted the system.

21. The Battle of Hastings

22. Hastings was important because it marks the only time in world history that the British Isles were invaded and conquered.

24. Read “Life of the Medieval Knight”