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2. 2 Cells are… The extremely tiny building blocks of living things.

3. 3 Cell Basics Certain structures are common to most eukaryotic cells: nucleus - control center cell membrane - outer boundary of the cell cytoplasm - material between the cell membrane and the nucleus cell wall – some cells have this strong layer around the cell membrane

4. 4  Contains genetic material  Directs the making of proteins  Manages cell activities Nucleus Proteins Manager & Design Team mRNA&Co

5. 5 Cytoplasm Cytoplasm - material between the cell membrane and the nucleus Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Mitochondria Lysosomes Vacuoles Ribosomes Organelles in the Cytoplasm Chloroplasts

6. 6 Into Fuel  Chloroplasts use the energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules in a process known as photosynthesis. Makes Fuel Food/Energy Chloroplasts In Plant Cells and Energy Producing Protists Chloroplasts In Plant Cells and Energy Producing Protists

7. 7 Power Generator  Function: Changes food energy into high-energy compounds called ATP a cell can use  The cell can use the energy to power growth, development, and movement. ATP ATP Mitochondria Mitochondria ATP ATP

8. 8 Protein … Design to Product. Ribosomes The code to make proteins is sent to the ribosomes and proteins are constructed. The manufacturing of proteins is perhaps the most important function of the cell. Endoplasmic Reticulum Transports materials in the cell Golgi Bodies Modifies, sorts, packages, and transports substances in the cell Mitochondria Exports proteins to their final destination Chloroplasts (or other food energy)

9. 9 Garbage Collectors  Filled with enzymes that aid in the disposal of the cell’s wastes  Break down and digest materials Lysosomes

10. 10 Vacuoles  Animal cells lack a large central vacuole but may contain smaller vacuoles. Storage Tanks  Most plant cells have a large central vacuole filled with liquid.  Vacuoles are saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.

11. 11 Cell Membrane Allows what enters and leaves the cell Aids in protection & support Maintains balance Gate Keeper

12. 12 Homeostasis  The cell membrane functions as a semi-permeable barrier - like a fence.  This means it allows some molecules in and out while preventing others from crossing. The Cell Membrane: Keeping Internal Conditions in Balance

13. 13 Cell Wall  Cell walls provide support and protection.  Plants, algae, fungi, and nearly all prokaryotes have cell walls.

14. 14 Chloroplast Mitochondria Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum Nucleus Vacuole Golgi Bodies Lysosome Ribosomes often are on the E.R. This is a package” breaking away to be for exporting

15. 15 Proteins Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Lysosome Vacuole Mitochondria Chloroplast Nucleus

16. 16 Specialization of Cells  In multi-cellular organisms, cells are uniquely suited to perform a particular function.  Certain cells are specialized to move, react, protect, or produce special substances.

17. 17 Levels of Organization  In multicellular organisms, cells are organized to form tissues.  Several types of tissues form organs.  Many different organs form organ systems that make up the organism. Organ Systems Organs Tissues Cells Organism