1. Review Grade 11 Art 2012

2. A French term meaning "low-raised work
A French term meaning "low-raised work." Sculpture meant to be seen primarily from one direction -- as opposed to sculpture which is in the round
(possible used by Van Meer and view painting) its simplest form it consisted of a darkened room or box with a small hole through one wall. Light rays could pass through the hole to transmit an inverted image of the scene outside the room onto a flat surface on its inside (which could be traced by the artist).
Usually seen in sculpture- devised by the Greeks, rediscovered and copied by the sculptors in the Early Renaissance. the weight of the on one leg, the shoulders and the hips counterbalanced each other in a natural way so the figure does not fall over.
Effective and dramatic use of light and shade in order to create volume and depth . Used by Leonardo da Vinci
a method of drawing or painting an object or person that is not parallel to the picture plane so that it seems to recede in space, giving the illusion of three dimensions. Parts get smaller as the go back in space
A method of painting on plaster, either dry or wet .
colour and movement emphasized by rapid and powerful brush strokes, textures surface quality
The technique of blurring or softening sharp outlines by gradual of one tone into another. It creates a smokelike haziness.
a style of painting characterized by high contrast between light and shade -- emphasis placed on chiaroscuro to achieve dark, dramatic effects. Frequently the main subjects of tenebrist pictures are illuminated by a single source of light, as if a spotlight shone upon them, leaving other areas in darkness.
Bas –Relief
Camera Obscura
Contraposta
Chiaroscuro
Foreshortening
Fresco
Painterly style
Sfumato
Tenebrism – Tenebroso

3. Printing terms: Intaglio Prints, Relief Print, Dry Point
Intaglio prints are categorized as having the image produced from below the surface. A print is made by inking the incised lines and recessed texture of a plate, wiping the surface, placing damp paper over the plate, and running it through am etching press.
is the simplest and most direct of the intaglio process. The technique consists of scratching into the surface of a lexan plate using a strong, sharp point. The point is used to score the surface, which causes a ridge of lexan-called a burr, to be thrown up on one or both sides of the line. This burr holds more ink than the relatively shallow scratches and contributes a velvety, rich quality to the impression.
Burr- see definition above
Relief Print-

4. Eras Renaissance High renaissance Northern Renaissance Baroque Rococo
Neoclassicism
Romanticism

5. Renaissance
the ”rebirth” of civilization (after 1000 years of the middle ages also referred to the dark ages). The Renaissance can refer to the rebirth of classical learning (Ancient Roman and Greek culture) and knowledge or to the ensuing rebirth of European culture. (Started in Florence, Italy)
Separate Eras- Early Renaissance, High Rennaisiance (Golden Age),
Northern Rennaisiance (more attention to detail, realism, use of everyday objects and heavy symbolism)( we did Germany, Holland)

6. Fabriario-Adoration of the Magi

7. Paolo Uccello : Battle of San Romano- note use of perspective

8. Andrea Mantega- Dead Christ- note- foreshortneing

9. Botticelli- Birth of Venus

10. Sculpture- Donatello- first life size sculpture in the round since antiquity
Controposto style

11. High Renaissance
Leonardo.
Michelangelo
Raphael

12. Mona Lisa- Leonardo da Vinci
Chiaroscuro
Sfumato

13. Leonardo da Vinci- Last supper- fresco, principles of art

14. Virgin on the Rocks- Leonardo da Vinci
sfumato

15. Michelangelo-
Pieta
Triangular composition

16. Michelangelo- David

17. Michelangelo- Sistine Chapel- Creation of Man

18. Raphael- School of Athens

19. Raphael -Tondo- Alba Madonna

20. Northern Renaissance
Jan Van Eyck The Arnolfini Marriage
Use of oil paint- symboloism

21. Albert Durer- Adam and Eve
Known for printing (copper engraving and wood cuts)

22. Hieronymus Bosch
Garden of Earthly Delights

23. Baroque 1590-1680 ( started in Rome, Italy) Emphasis- Religious works
Patron- Church
Style- High Emotion, dynamic
Qualities-Drama, Intensity, Movement
Italy
Painter- Caravaggio
Sculpture- Bernini
Holland
Rembrandt

24. Caravaggio- Judith and Holofernes
David and Goliath
Tenebrism

25. Bernini- Apollo and Daphne

26. Rembrandt- The Night Watch

27. Rembrandt- the Jewish bride

28. Johannes Vermeer's –
The balance
The girl with the pearl
earring
Camera Obscura

29. Rococo
In France Rococo style prominent- light and playful- “Rococo” comes from the French ‘rocaille’, which means “ a fanciful design derived from the twists and turns of seashells and tiny pebbles.
Born in Paris ( )
Mood- playful, superficial, alive with energy
Subject matter – fete galante- outdoor romp peopled with by elegantly dressed young lovers
Shapes- Sinuous s and c curves, arabesque, ribbon-like scrolls- very ornate (over the top)
Style- Light , graceful, delicate.
-Decorative and non functional
Colours- white, silver, gold, light pinks, blues, greens
- often pearlized
Target audience- French aristocracy

31. Baroque- still in countries outside of France
Death of General Wolfe- Benjamin West

32. View Pinting- camera obscura

33. Neoclassicism ( )
Neo-classicism may be defined as a controlled academic approach to art.
A serious reaction to the frivolous Rococo, a way of life in revolutionary times.
Values
-Order, solemn, very conservative
Tone-
-Calm, Rational
Subjects-
-Greek and Roman History, mythology
-subject matter illustrated and glorified heroic, patriotic subject matter
-allegorical paintings- symbolic of truths or generalizations about human nature
Role of Art-
Morally uplifting, inspirational
Technique-
-Stresses drawing with lines, not colour, no trace of brushstrokes
Founder-
-David (France).
Important features: clear and precise form, simplicity, balanced compositions, and idealized beauty.

34. Style- smooth brushwork, surface of the painting appears ploished
- severely precise drawn figures in the foreground
-Shallow depth- almost like a bas relief sculpture (Lord Elgin had just brought back the Elgin marbles taken off the Parthenon)
-Simple compositions not fussy like Rococo
-Backgrounds usually contain Roman touches

35. Jacques-Louis David's Oath Of The Horatii)

36. Shapes-Arches- tie in composition and add touch of Rome
Space- shallow depth
Line-emphasized the strong line of the men with the gentle line of the woman (to express determination and suffering)
Emphasis- spot lighting, colour, central, framed by arch, focus on swords in father’s hand
Balance-father helps balance the strong image of the sons
Movement- arms reaching for swords

37. Romanticism
An art movement and style that flourished in the early nineteenth century.
It emphasized the emotions painted in a bold, dramatic manner.
Romantic artists rejected the cool academic reasoning of classicism -- the established art of the times -- to paint pictures of nature in its untamed state, or other exotic settings filled with dramatic action, often with an emphasis on the past.
Name based on a revival of interest in medieval stories known as ‘romances’-stories involving fictional hero’s and great adventures of individual heroism and emotion.
Classicism was nostalgic too, but Romantics were more emotional, usually melancholic, even melodramatically tragic.

38. Goya- Third of May

39. Theodore Gericault -Raft of the Medusa

40. Liberty leading the People- Delacroix

41. The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (also known as the Pre-Raphaelites) was a group of English painters and poets, and critics, founded in 1848
greatly influenced by nature and they used great detail to show the natural world using bright and sharp focus techniques on a white canvas
Influenced by Romanticism, fascinated by medieval subject matter
art was essentially spiritual in character
Millais - Ophelia

42. Elements and Principles of Art
FaT CLaSS- Form, Texture, Colour, Line, Shape, Space
Principles- Balance, Emphasis, Movement, Rhythm, Proportion, Unity, Variety