1. CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS CHAPTER 2

2. Bell Ringer 9/4/14
Think about different ways you classify things. List four groups of things that humans classify, such as library books. What happens when you put something in the wrong group? Can objects or ideas belong in more than one group?

3. Objectives: SPI 0807.5.1 Explain why and how organisms are classified.
List the eight levels of classification.
Explain scientific names.
Describe how dichotomous keys help in identifying organisms.

4. Classification
means organizing living things into groups based on their similarities.

5. Why Classify?
The classification of living things makes it easier for biologist to answer important questions such as:
1. How many known species there are?
2. What are the defining characteristics?
3. What are the relationships between these species?

6. Early Classification systems
Aristotle grouped animals according
to the way they moved

7. living and extinct organisms to make them easier to study.
Scientists classify
living and extinct organisms to make them easier to study.

8. Organisms are classified by
shared characteristics and their relationships between one another.

9. The levels of classification go from very general to very specific.
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

11. The 8 levels: (pneumonic device)
Domain Did
Kingdom King
Phylum Philip
Class Come
Order Over
Family For
Genus Grape
Species Soda

12. The science of classifying organisms is called taxonomy.

13. Taxonomy was founded by Linnaeus in the 1700s
Taxonomy was founded by Linnaeus in the 1700s. He classified things only by their shared characteristics.

14. Modern Taxonomists& Researchers
Look at evolutionary relationships
between animals
Recently found, buried Antarctic lake teems with new life. Microbes living a lake deep under ice. Biologists found these new living cells that have been living in the lake’s pitch-black water at a frigid temperature of 0.49 degrees Celsius (31.1 degree Fahrenheit).

15. A branching diagram can show relationships between organisms.
Organisms that are more closely related are closer together on the branching diagram.

16. Listen carefully. You will be practicing this in groups next.
Branching diagrams
Listen carefully. You will be practicing this in groups next.

17. When living things are classified, they get a scientific name.
The scientific name is the same anywhere in the world.

18. The 4 Rules to writing a Scientific Name:
1. Scientific names are usually Latin or Greek.
2. The scientific name is always the genus and species name together.
3. The genus is always written first and capitalized. The species is second and is always lower case.
4. The scientific name is always italicized or underlined.
Example: Felis domesticus

19. Kingdom Animalia Animalia Phylum Chordata Chordata
Lion Tiger
Kingdom Animalia Animalia
Phylum Chordata Chordata
Class Mammalia Mammalia
Order Carnivora Carnivora
Family Felidae Felidae
Genus Panthera Panthera
Species leo tigris
Notice species is not capitalized and that both the the lion and tiger are in the same genus, but are considered separate species.
Each organism has groups and subgroups; the organisms with the most similar groups will be the most closely related.
With your elbow partner decide what is the same about the lion and tiger? What is different?

20. Domains and Kingdoms
Bacteria are prokaryotic, meaning they do NOT have a nuclei.
All other living things are eukaryotic and have nuclei.

21. Scientists use 3 Domains:
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
Prokaryotes (no nucleus, single-celled organism)
Eukaryotes (have nucleus)

22. Scientists use 6 Kingdoms:
1. Archaebacteria 2. Eubacteria 3. Protista 4. Plantae 5. Fungi 6. Animalia

23. Domain: Archaea Kingdom: Archaebacteria
Live in extreme environments (very hot or cold). They have been on earth for about 3 billion years.

24. Domain: Bacteria Kingdom: Eubacteria
Most bacteria live in Kingdom Eubacteria. They live in many place all over earth and even inside other organisms.
E. Coli lives in the intestines of animals and decompose
undigested food.

25. Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Protista
Consists of unicellular and simple multicellular organisms. Protista includes organisms that are not plants, animals, or fungi.
Zooflagellates
Paramecium

26. Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Plantae
Plants are usually green and make food by photosynthesis. They are complex, multicellular organisms.
In this kingdom, live the oldest unitary organisms in the world...

27. BRISTLECONE PINE
Known to surpass 5,000 years in age.

28. GIANT SEQUOIA This tree is no longer considered the longest living tree, but may someday because they live forever. Only dying when an external physical event kills the, e.g. fire or erosion.
Oldest sequoia tree today 3,300
years of age and it’s the largest member
of Plantae
Sequoias never die! They live thousands of years! They just get to big and fall over to their death.

29. Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Fungi
They absorb food from their surroundings. Fungi are usually multicellular (except yeast).

30. Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia
Most move around and have nervous systems. Animals are complex & multicellular.

31. Talking Turtles!
Scientists study “talking” turtles in Brazilian Amazon.
"These distinctive sounds made by turtles give us unique insights into their behavior, although we don't know what the sounds mean," said Dr. Camila Ferrara, Aquatic Turtle Specialist for the WCS Brazil Program. "The social behaviors of these reptiles are much more complex than previously thought.”
08/wcs-ss php
Giant South American river turtle. The turtle is the largest member of the side-necked turtle family and grows up to nearly three feet in length.

32. EXIT TICKET Which domain has prokaryotic organisms?
Which domain has eukaryotic organisms?
Prokaryotic domains are Archaea and Bacteria
Eukaryotic domains are Eukarya