1. Scientific Classification & The Six Kingdoms
Protista
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Plantae
Fungi
Animalia

2. Why do we classify living things?
The classification system helps us to better describe more of the interdependence between life on our planet.
By classifying organisms we can better understand how they work together in ecosystems.
Systems in our body and on our earth consist of structures and functions.

3. How did classification come about?
Before the 1700’s- Scientists divided organisms into two groups- until they found organisms that did not fit into either group
In the 1700’s - Carolus Linnaeus founded modern taxonomy, which is classifying things based on shape and structure
The seven-level system of classification was founded

4. Scientific Classification
Scientific classification is a method by which biologists group or categorize species of organisms.
Domain  Did
Kingdom King
Phylum  Phillip
Class  Come
Order  Over
Family  For
Genus  Good
Species  Spaghetti

5. Example: Human Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia
Order: Primate
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: H. sapiens

6. Example: Tiger Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Feidae
Genus: Panthera
Species: P. tigris

7. Example: Coconut Palm Tree
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Arecales
Family: Arecaceae
Genus: Cocos
Species: C. nucifera

8. Three:

9. Domains (Super Kingdoms)
Domains are the broadest classification level.
Biologists organized all living organisms into either
Eukarya
Archaea
EuBacteria

10. Fungi
Protists

11. Protista
Single or multi-cellular organisms that do not fit in the animal, plant, or fungi kingdom (most are single-celled)
Eukaryotic
Most are microscopic
Reproduce asexually
Move independently using cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia
Some make their own food; others do not
Some may be found in fresh-water ponds
Examples: Protozoa (animal-like protists), Algae (plant-like protists), slime and water molds (fungi-like protists), Paramecium, and Euglena

12. Examples of Protista Locomotion
This microscopic protist uses cilia to move around. Cilia are hair-like organelles extending from a eukaryotic cell to aid in locomotion.
This protist uses a flagellum for locomotion. A flagellum is a long, whip-like organelle.
Sketch these pictures on your notes.
This protist uses pseudopodia to get around. Pseudo- means “fake” and –podia means “feet.” The cytoplasm of the cell temporarily moves about to aid in locomotion.

13. Archaebacteria about 90 degrees Celsius
Ancient bacteria that thrives in extreme environments
Have existed for at least 3 billion years
Prokaryotic
Single-celled
Reproduce asexually
Some make their own food
Some move independently
Love heat, moisture, & salt
Form yellow and orange
rings around hot springs where the temperature is
about 90 degrees Celsius

14. Examples of Archaebacteria
Sketch these pictures on your notes.
Rings of archaebacteria around a hot spring
A species of archaebacteria
Underwater sea vent

15. Sketch these pictures on your notes.
Eubacteria
Sketch these pictures on your notes.
All modern bacteria; excludes Archaebacteria
Contains most bacteria that live on or near the Earth’s surface and most of the bacteria alive today
Prokaryotic
Single-celled
Reproduce asexually
Some make their own food
Some move independently
Can be found in the human body
Esherichia coli- bacteria that lives in the human intestines that helps blood clot; E coli- changes milk into yogurt; Some cause illness in humans such as ear and sinus infections
E. Coli

16. Sketch these pictures on your notes.
Plantae
The kingdom that contains plants
Complex, multi-cellular organisms
that are usually green and use the
sun’s energy to make sugar by photosynthesis
Eukaryotic cells with cell walls
Most are macroscopic
Can not move (sessile)
Some reproduce sexually, others asexually
Some live in areas with good rain fall; others can live where there is little rain fall like the desert
Used for food, building materials, clothing, oxygen, cleaning the air…
Sketch these pictures on your notes.

17. Fungi The kingdom of complex organisms that obtain
Athlete’s
Foot
The kingdom of complex organisms that obtain
food by breaking down other substances in their surroundings and absorbing the nutrients
Almost all are multi-cellular
Eukaryotic
They were once classified in the plant kingdom, but they do not make their own food and some are animal-like.
Are considered parasites or decomposers.
They cannot move independently.
Reproduce sexually or asexually.
Environment – like dark and moist places
Some are microscopic (athletes foot) and some are macroscopic (mushrooms).
Interesting fact: Penicillin is made from mold (which is a fungus).

18. Animalia
Multi-cellular organisms that have a nervous system and react to their surroundings.
Move independently (mobile)
Eukaryotic
Most are macroscopic
Some reproduce sexually; others asexually
Do not make their own food

19. Hydra
Animalia
Reproduces asexually