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Biology Ch. 15 Classification Systems Classification Systems.

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Presentation on theme: "Biology Ch. 15 Classification Systems Classification Systems."— Presentation transcript:

1 Biology Ch. 15 Classification Systems Classification Systems

2 CH.15 Classification Systems Taxonomy Taxonomy : - the science of classification

3 I.Why Classify? A.Reasons for Classifying 1.Convenience 2.Communication 3.Studying and understanding

4 B.Characteristics of Scientific Classification 1.Unique, universal name for organisms 2.Puts organisms into meaningful groups

5 II.Biological Classification A.Aristotle: - devised first classification system -2 kingdoms: Plants and Animals -2 problems: 1. superficial classification 2. used common names

6 B.Disadvantages of Common Names 1.Confusing Puma concolor -ex. mountain lion, cougar, puma, catamount, panther

7 2.Misleading - ex. starfish, jellyfish, cuttlefish, silverfish, crawfish

8 2.Misleading - ex. starfish, jellyfish, cuttlefish, silverfish, crawfish - none are fish

9 3.Language Problems -local names -names used by different languages

10 C.Carolus Linnaeus -developed modern classification system -Swedish botanist (1700’s) -2 important innovations:

11 Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Canidae Canis lupus Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species 1.Hierarchy of Classification Groupings

12 King Phillip comes often for ginger snaps Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Canidae Canis lupus Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species 1.Hierarchy of Classification Groupings

13 Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

14 - Order Carnivora

15 2.Binomial Nomenclature - two-word naming system: genus & species - gives a unique, universal name for every species Carolus Linnaeus

16 Honey Bee Apis pubescens, thorace subgriseo, abdomine fusco, pedibus posticis glabris, utrinque margine ciliatus Apis mellifera

17 a.Genus: -1st word, small group -usually a Latin noun, capitalized b.Species: -2nd word, particular type -Latin adjective, lower case

18 c.Examples: - Homo sapiens humans - Tyrannosaurus rex - Acer macrophyllumbigleaf maple - Acer rubrumred maple - Acer saccharumsugar maple - Sequoia gigantumgiant sequoia - Tsuga heterophyllumwestern hemlock - Pseudotsuga menziesiiDouglas-fir

19 TheThe EndEnd

20 III.Taxonomy Today -Classification systems change constantly - Taxonomists do not agree on how to classify organisms (lumpers vs. splitters) - Species is the only "real" (natural) taxonomic grouping

21 A.Taxonomy and Evolution - taxonomy reflects evolutionary relationships

22 Phylogeny of Bears 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 MYA

23 -The greater the similarities in certain organic compounds, the more closely related organisms are. -DNA, RNA, & certain common proteins can be compared between organisms. B.Biochemical Taxonomy

24 Six Kingdoms IV. Six-Kingdom System

25 CellCellMode of KingdomTypeNumberNutrition Examples Archaea Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia IV. Six-Kingdom System P = Prokaryote, E = Eukaryote U = Unicellular, M = Multicellular A = Autotroph, H = Heterotroph P P E E E E U U U/m M/u M M H/A H A H bacteria algae, protozoa mushrooms, mold trees, grass insects, worms humans

26 Three Domains -A newer system

27

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