1. Communicable Diseases

2. A communicable disease (infectious disease) is carried by microorganisms.  microscopic Transmitted through people, animals, surfaces, foods or air. Rely on fluid exchange, contaminated substances or close contact to travel from an infected carrier to a healthy individual. The disease might need a blood exchange via an injection, float along a sneeze in a crowded place or get transmitted during childbirth.

3. Pathogens (germs)- diseasing causing microorganisms Parasites Fungi Bacteria  can be cured usually by an antibiotic Viruses  can not be cured- vaccinations (immunization) *Vaccinations/avoiding risky behaviors help in the prevention and spreading. Vaccine: A dead or weakened pathogen is injected into the body. The body then produces antibodies which help fight that disease. (vaccination/immunization) *Cancer is not a communicable disease

4. Human-to-Human communicable diseases could be passed through: -blood -mucus -uterine fluids -breast milk -semen -saliva -breath Prevention:  safe sex  frequent hand washing  proper disposal of waste

5. Animal-to-Human communicable diseases include: -Dog/Squirrel Bite- Rabies -Mosquitoes- Malaria -Ticks/Fleas- Lyme’s Disease *Other types can be spread from contaminated surfaces, substances, improperly cooked meat (Salmonella), impure water. Carrier- an infected person who shows no symptoms of a disease but can spread it to others.

6. Common Cold Effects some people, especially kids- average 8 colds per year Most common communicable disease Caused by a virus (invisible droplets) which are in the air we breathe or the things we touch Symptoms  tickle in the throat  Runny/stuffy nose  sneezing

7. Most colds are contagious up to 3 weeks Time Cures All Over the counter decongestants/antihistamines may ease symptoms

8. Infectious Mononucleosis A viral disease that affects certain blood cells The virus is spread by person-to-person contact via saliva (on hands/toys or kissing) Symptoms include fever/sore throat/swollen glands/feeling tired Time span can be up to several weeks Symptoms appear 4 to 6 weeks after exposure Treatment- rest in most cases

9. Pinkeye (Conjunctivitis) Inflammation of the clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye and inside of the eyelids Caused by many Bacteria/Viruses/Allergies/Substances which irritate the eye (Chlorine/Soaps) Pinkeye caused by Bacteria/Viruses are very contagious You cannot cure the pinkeye caused by a virus  antihistamine to reduce inflammation along with a cool compress three to four times daily The Pinkeye caused by a bacteria can be treated with prescribed antibiotic eye drops

10. Strep Throat Very common amongst teens Symptoms include fever/stomach pain/red and swollen tonsils bacteria is usually centered in the nose/throat which makes it easy to spread Diagnosis is a cotton swab that takes a sample of the fluids at the back of the throat Treatment is a prescription medication that must be taken for at least 10 days after 24 hours the fever will break and you will not be contagious

11. Pediculosis (Head Lice/Body Lice/Pubic Lice) infestation of the hairy parts of the body or clothing with eggs or the living nits Live on human blood- severe itching results Head Lice- Scalp Pubic Lice- Pubic Area Body Lice- Clothing Transmission is direct contact with an infested individual Sharing of combs/brushes It may take a person 2-3 weeks to notice the severe itching associated with lice Medicated shampoos/some over-the- counter/some prescribed

12. H1N1 New flu virus first detected in US in April 2009 Spreads person-to-person  cough/sneeze  touch surface then touch eyes, nose, or mouth Originally called “Swine Flu” because many of its genes were similar to influenza viruses that occur in pigs in North America New virus is very different from what normally circulates in pigs

13. Prevention Cover your mouth/nose when you cough/sneeze Wash hands with soap and water frequently, especially after a sneeze/cough Avoid contact with sick people Avoid touching eyes, nose, or mouth Use disinfectants on frequently touched surfaces have flu-like symptoms? STAY HOME!

14. Immune Response how your body recognizes and defends itself against bacteria, viruses, and substances that appear foreign and harmful to the body

15. Immune System protects the body from potentially harmful substances by recognizing and responding to antigens  Antigens- molecules on the surface of cells, viruses, fungi, or bacteria.  The immune system recognizes and destroys substances that contain these antigens

16. Innate Immunity Defense system you are born with that protects against antigens Barriers that keep harmful substances from entering the body (1st line of defense)  Cough  Enzymes in tears and skin oils  Mucus, traps bacteria and small particles  Skin  Stomach acid  Fever If an antigen gets past these barriers it is attacked and destroyed by other parts of the immune system.

17. Acquired Immunity Immunity that develops with exposure to various antigens Your immune system builds a defense that is specific to that antigen Passive Immunity Antibodies that are produced in a body other than your own Provides immediate protection, but not long- lasting protection against an antigen  Hepatitis  Tetanus

18. Blood Components White Blood Cells (B and T cells)  B cells produce antibodies that attach to the antigen  T cells attack the antigen directly Cells can provide a “memory” for immune system to respond faster and more efficient next time you are exposed to same antigen and in many cases prevent you from getting sick (chicken pox).

19. Inflammation Occurs when tissues are injured by bacteria, trauma, toxins, heat, or any other cause. Damaged tissue releases chemicals causing blood vessels to leak fluid into tissues, causing swelling. Helps isolate foreign substance from further contact with body tissues Allergies An immune response to a substance that, in the majority of people, the body perceives as harmless