1. Grammar Review
Topic One: Tenses

2. Structure of the lecture:

3. THE TIME LINE:
Time Line
Past
Future
Now

4. The Simple: Simple present
It snows in Alaska.
Tom watches television every day.
Link 1
Events or situations that exist
Alsways, usually, habitually;
Exists now, have existed past, and probably will exist in the future.

5. The Simple: Simple past
It snowed yesterday.
Tom watched television last night.

6. The Simple: Simple Future
It will snow tomorrow.
It is going to snow tomorrow.
Tom will watch television tonight.
Tom is going to watch television tonight. (Link 1)

7. The Progressive: be + v.-ing Present Progressive
Am/is/are doing…
Tom is sleeping right now.

8. The Progressive: be +v.-ing Past Progressive
was/were doing
Tom was sleeping when I arrived.

9. The Progressive: be + v.-ing Future Progressive
will be doing…
Tom will be sleeping when we arrive.
Link 2

10. The Perfect: have + v-ed Present Perfect
has/have done…
Tom has already eaten.

11. The Perfect: have + -ed Past Perfect
had done…
Tom had already eaten when his friend arrived.

12. The Perfect: have + v-ed Future Perfect
will have done…
Tom will already have eaten when his friend arrives.
Link 4

13. Perfect Progressive: have + been + -ing Present Perfect Progressive
has/have been doing…
Tom has been studying for two hours.

14. Perfect Progressive: have + been + -ing Past Perfect Progressive
had been doing…
Tom had been studying for two hours before his friend came.

15. Perfect Progressive: have + been + -ing Future Perfect Progressive
will have been doing…
Tom will have been studying for two hours by the time his friend arrives.
Link 5

16. Summary: The Simple

17. Summary: The Progressive

18. Summary: The Perfect

19. Summary: The Perfect Progressive

20. Simple Present Vs. Present Progressive
I ______ for two hours every night. (Study)
John ________ right now. (sleep)
study– habitual or everyday activity
is sleeping— in progress at the moment of speaking
See Link 7 for more practice exercises

21. Stative Verbs
Yum! This food ______ (taste) good. I _____ (like) it very much.
The chef is in his kitchen. He ______ (taste) the sauce.
tastes, like: have stative meanings; describe a state that exists.
is tasting: an action
See Link 8 for a list of stative verbs

22. Am/is/are being +Adjective
Jack doesn’t feel well, but he refuses to see a doctor. He _____(be) foolish.
Sue never does anything right. She ___ (be) foolish.
is being: a temporary, in-progress behavior
is:
Click on link 9 for more exercises

23. Simple Past– Irregular Verbs
I ______ (buy) a new car three days ago.
I ______(bring) back home a big pile of books to read last night.
bought
brought
Click on Link 10 for a list of irregular Verbs

24. Past Progressive Vs. Simple past
While I _______ (walk) down the street, it ______ (begin) to rain.
was walking; began: one action (walk) began earlier and was in the progress when the other action (begin) occurred.
Click on Link 10 for more exercises

25. Present Perfect _____ you _____ (visit) Mexico?
I _______ (meet) many people since I came here in June.
Have…visited: The exact time it happened is not important; adverbs: ever, never, already, yet, still, just
have met: repetition before Now; so far, since
Click on Link 12 for more exercises

26. Present Perfect vs. Simple past
I can not get into my apartment now. I ______ (lose) my key.
I did something stupid yesterday. I ____(lose) my key.
have lost: something happened at the past and it has an effect till now.
lost: something that happened in the past.

27. Present Perfect Progressive
You ___(study) for five straight hours.
I __ (think) about changing my major.
have been studying: Duration of an action, used with for, since, all day…
have been thinking: general activity in progress recently, lately

28. Present Perfect Progressive
I ___ (live) here since 1995.
have lived; have been living: words like work, study
Click on Link 13 for more exercises

29. Past Perfect Sam ___ already ___ (leave) when Ann got there.
Sam ___ (leave) before Ann ____(get) there.
had…left
had left/left; got: with before or after
Click on Link 14 for more exercises

30. Will vs. Be going to To express a prediction
Be careful! You ____ (hurt) yourself!
Watch out! You ___ (hurt) yourself!
will hurt; are going to hurt
A prediction: a statement about something s/he thinks will be true or will occur in the future, either will or be going to is possible. See GIU U19

31. Will vs. Be going to To express a prior plan
Why did you buy this paint?
I ____ (paint) my bedroom tomorrow.
am going to paint
a prior plan: something the speaker intends to do in the future because in the past s/he has made a plan or decision to do it; In this case, only be going to is used.

32. Will vs. Be going to To express willingness
A:The phone’s ringing. B: I __ (get) it.
My friend told me that he would call me this afternoon at six. It is noon time. I __________(answer) the phone at six.
will get it: no prior plan, volunteer; use Will only.
am going to answer: with prior plan
Click on Link 15 for more exerices

33. Time cause: When/before/after…
Bob will come soon. When Bob ____ (come), we ____ (see) him.
comes; will see:
Time cause= When/before.. + subject + verb. The meaning of time cause is future, but the simple tense is used.
Click on Link 16 for more exercises.

34. Present Progressive -Future
My wife has an appointment with a doctor. She _______ (see) Dr. North next Tuesday.
is seeing
used when the idea concerns a planned event or definite intention.
Click on Link 18 for more exercises.

35. More Exercises for Practice
Review of Verb Tenses:
Link 19
Link 20
Link 21