1. Chapter 5.3
Egypt’s Empires

2. Golden Age A new dynasty of pharaohs came to power
Moved the capital to Thebes
Started a period of peace and order called
The Middle Kingdom
Lasted from 2055 B.C. to 1650 B.C.

3. Conquests
Controlled Nubia
Expanded to present-day Syria

4. The Arts Flourish
Arts and Architecture thrived during the Middle Kingdom
Painters decorated the walls of tombs and temples

5. Sculptors
Carved hunting, fishing, and battle scenes on large stone walls

6. Statues of Pharaohs
Statues of the Pharaohs, showing them as humans rather than gods

7. Architecture Pharaohs no longer had pyramids built
Tombs were cut into limestone cliffs

8. The Hyksos Hyksos invaded Egypt Had horse drawn chariots
Fought with sturdy weapons made of bronze and iron

9. Ahmose
Ahmose formed an army and drove the Hyksos out of Egypt in 1550 B.C.

10. Building an Empire Ahmose founded a new dynasty.
Started the New Kingdom
Lasted from 1550 B.C. to 1070 B.C.
No longer isolated
Benefited from spread of goods, ideas, and cultures

11. A Woman Pharaoh Hatshepsut became pharaoh after husband’s death
Dressed in male pharaoh’s clothes
Wore a false beard
Built temples
Restored monuments
Tomb in Valley of the Kings

12. Growth of Trade
Hatshepsut was more interested in promoting trade that starting wars

13. Items Traded
Egyptian traders exchanged beads, metal tools, and weapons for gold, ivory, ebony wood, and incense

14. Phoenicians Egyptians valued WOOD products Traded with Phoenicians
Lived in present-day Lebanon
Invented alphabet
Writing system
Encouraged the spread of goods and ideas – called cultural diffusion

15. Trade and Politics
Egyptians traded wheat, paper, gold, copper, tin and tools to the Phoenicians for purple dye, wood and furniture

16. Political Ties Developed ties with Babylonian Empire in Mesopotamia
Mittani in Syria
Hittite Empire in Anatolia

17. Expanding the Empire When Hatshepsut died, Thutmose III became pharaoh
Thutmose was a strong leader and general
Expanded Egypt north to the Euphrates River
Conquered Nubia
Empire was wealthy
Captured and enslaved many prisoners of war

18. Two Unusual Pharaohs Amenhotep IV tried to make dramatic changes
Tutankhamen, was very young

19. A Religious Founder
Amenhotep IV and wife, Nefertiti tried to change Egypt’s religion
Feared priests were becoming too powerful
Felt threatened by their power
Started a new religion
Worship one god, Aton, the sun god
Religion was rejected by most
Weakened Egypt
Lost most of land to invaders

20. Who was “King Tut”? King Tutankhamen Became pharaoh at 10 years old
Restored polytheistic religion of many deities
Died unexpectedly
History Teachers King Tut

21. King Tut’s Tomb Tomb discovered in 1922 By Howard Carter
Contained the pharaoh’s mummy and many treasures including a gold mask

22. Recovery and Decline Ramses II Most successful of pharaohs
Also called Ramses the Great
Conquered Canaan
Fought the Hittites
Ramses and the Hittite King signed a peace treaty

23. Age of Temples Ramses reigned 66 years
devoted himself to peaceful activities
Built the temple of Karnak

24. Why Did Egypt Decline? Pharaohs fought costly wars
Armies from eastern Mediterranean attacked Egypt
Libyans conquered Egypt
People of Kush seized power
In 670 B.C. taken over by the Assyrians
From Messopotamia