1. Peasants – Priests, craftsmen (freemen), serfs (bound to land)
Global Name__________________
Mr. Krueger Unit 6 Notes
Dark Ages
Dark ages: medieval, began with fall of Rome in 476, lasted until about 800 in Western Europe
Barbarian Tribes: Roman term for non-Latin speaking; Germanic people from NE Europe, pushed west by Huns from Asia and Vikings from North
Fall of Rome: no centralized government, roads crumbled, trade declined, new languages (romance), Church the only common organization
Conditions:
- Unorganized (no gov’t)
- Uneducated (no school)
- Poor (no trade)
Charlemagne: Exception was the Frankish Kingdom under Charles the Great:
- Tied to Roman Catholic Church
- Supported education
- Began feudalism in France
Feudalism
Feudalism: “Type of government” of the Middle Ages – organized but not centralized; locally run system that is based on land ownership – the manor
Manor: land is owned by the lord, includes lord’s house, farms, village, church, peasants homes, surrounding area
Manorialism:
Economic relationship – everyone gets what they need
Knights: noble warriors – protectors of the kingdom, called “Sir”, highly respected
Chivalry: Moral code of conduct; knights must be: brave, loyal, courteous, generous
King
Nobles – Lord,
Knight
Peasants – Priests, craftsmen (freemen), serfs (bound to land)
Work/service
Food
Protection
Land
CHAOS
Roman Catholic Church
Institution: only organizing force in Europe, the main tool for communication which gave the Church great power
education: Monastic System, monks, copied books and preserved knowledge
Hierarchy:
Important Church Terms:
- Heresy – speaking out against the church or disagreeing with doctrine
- Excommunication – People were forced to leave the Church (not in communion)
Gothic Architecture: “Gothic” style develops, very detailed and beautiful
- Cathedrals – huge churches, dedicated to the glory of God, visual tool to understand Christianity
- Art – used to teach people (usually illiterate) about Christianity; artwork and stained glass windows
Influence:
1. Spiritually taught how to get to heaven
2. Politically had great influence and power over Kings
3. Economically people had to pay a tithe (tax) of their income to the church
-Pope
-Archbishops
-Bishops
-Priests
-People
Instructions come from God, through the Pope, down to the people

2. Crusades Important Events
Crusades: “Holy Wars” (1100s-1200s), European Christians vs. Muslims (Turks)
Causes: 1. Take back Holy Land, 2. power for Christianity, 3. crusaders’ sins forgiven, 4. gain wealth/land, 5. serfs hope to escape feudalism
Impact: Failed at taking the Holy Land, but
- Learning – learned may ideas from Muslims (math, science, medicine, etc.) and reintroduced to Greek/Roman ideas (art, philosophy, literature) preserved by Byzantine and Muslim empires
- Trade – Huge impact, crusaders brought back new products (spices, silk, cotton, fruits, etc) that created demand in Europe → led to new markets → growth of towns
- Overall – 1. Learning increased, 2. Feudalism declined, 3. Economy got better, 4. Set up Renaissance, 5. Legacy of tensions between Christians and Muslims
Pope Urban II: 1095 – called First Crusade
Richard the Lion-Hearted: 1189 – King of England, led the Third Crusade
Saladin: 1100s – Leader of Turks, reunited Muslims against Christians
Important Events
Battle of Hastings: 1066, William the Conqueror from Normandy (France) won control of southern Britain from Anglo-Saxons,
SO WHAT – Norman and Anglo Saxon cultures mix creating English culture and the English language
Hundred Years War: s, England claimed French throne, Joan of Arc
SO WHAT – New weapons invented: longbow (ended knights armor) and cannon (ended castles as defense)
Bubonic Plague: 1340s, disease with no cure, spread to Europe by fleas on rats from Asian traders, worst in new crowded cities
SO WHAT –
- Socially: killed 1/3 of Europeans – people questioned power of the Church
- Economically: survivors gained wealth – got what dead left behind and could demand wages because workers were in high demand
- Politically: End of feudalism – peasants revolted, led to growth of new political systems (monarchs had “national” power
Feudalism was considered…
Political system: Lords were the leaders, lawmakers and judges, resolved all problems
Social system: Everyone was ranked according to their social class (see pyramid above)
Economic system: The system ensured that everyone got what they needed (survival)
Feudalism
100 Years
War
Crusades
Battle of
Hastings
Magna
Carta
Black
Death
Battle of
Tours
Charlemagne
crowned

3. Dark Ages Feudalism Roman Catholic Church Dark ages: Feudalism:
Global Name__________________
Mr. Krueger Unit 6 Notes
Dark Ages
Dark ages:
Barbarian Tribes:
Fall of Rome:
Conditions: -
Charlemagne:
Feudalism
Feudalism:
Manor:
Manorialism:
Economic relationship –
Knights:
Chivalry:
Roman Catholic Church
Institution:
education:
Hierarchy:
Important Church Terms:
- Heresy –
- Excommunication –
Gothic Architecture:
- Cathedrals –
- Art –
Influence:
1. Spiritually
2. Politically
3. Economically -

4. Crusades Important Events
Causes:
Impact:
- Learning –
- Trade –
- Overall –
Pope Urban II:
Richard the Lion-Hearted:
Saladin:
Important Events
Battle of Hastings:
SO WHAT –
Hundred Years War:
Bubonic Plague:
- Socially:
- Economically:
- Politically:
Feudalism was considered…
Political system:
Social system:
Economic system:

5. Dark Ages
Dark ages: medieval, began with fall of Rome in 476, lasted until about 800 in Western Europe
Barbarian Tribes: Roman term for non-Latin speaking; Germanic people from NE Europe, pushed west by Huns from Asia and Vikings from North
Fall of Rome: no centralized government, roads crumbled, trade declined, new languages (romance), Church the only common organization
Conditions:
- Unorganized (no gov’t)
- Uneducated (no school)
- Poor (no trade)
Charlemagne: Exception was the Frankish Kingdom under Charles the Great:
- Tied to Roman Catholic Church
- Supported education
- Began feudalism in France
CHAOS

6. Peasants – Priests, craftsmen (freemen), serfs (bound to land)
Feudalism
Feudalism: “Type of government” of the Middle Ages – organized but not centralized; locally run system that is based on land ownership – the manor
Manor: land is owned by the lord, includes lord’s house, farms, village, church, peasants homes, surrounding area
Manorialism:
Economic relationship – everyone gets what they need
Knights: noble warriors – protectors of the kingdom, called “Sir”, highly respected
Chivalry: Moral code of conduct; knights must be: brave, loyal, courteous, generous
King
Nobles – Lord,
Knight
Peasants – Priests, craftsmen (freemen), serfs (bound to land)
Work/service
Food
Protection
Land

7. Feudalism (cont.) Feudalism was considered…
Political system: Lords were the leaders, lawmakers and judges, resolved all problems
Social system: Everyone was ranked according to their social class (see pyramid above)
Economic system: The system ensured that everyone got what they needed (survival)

8. Roman Catholic Church
Institution: only organizing force in Europe, the main tool for communication which gave the Church great power
education: Monastic System, monks, copied books and preserved knowledge
Hierarchy: Instructions come from God, through the Pope, down to the people
Important Church Terms:
- Heresy – speaking out against the church or disagreeing with doctrine
- Excommunication – People were forced to leave the Church (not in communion)
-Pope
-Archbishops
-Bishops
-Priests
-People

9. Roman Catholic Church
Gothic Architecture: “Gothic” style develops, very detailed and beautiful
- Cathedrals – huge churches, dedicated to the glory of God, visual tool to understand Christianity
- Art – used to teach people (usually illiterate) about Christianity; artwork and stained glass windows
Influence:
1. Spiritually taught how to get to heaven
2. Politically had great influence and power over Kings
3. Economically people had to pay a tithe (tax) of their income to the church

10. Crusades
Crusades: “Holy Wars” (1100s-1200s), European Christians vs. Muslims (Turks)
Causes: 1. Take back Holy Land, 2. power for Christianity, 3. crusaders’ sins forgiven, 4. gain wealth/land, 5. serfs hope to escape feudalism
Impact: Failed at taking the Holy Land, but
- Learning – learned may ideas from Muslims (math, science, medicine, etc.) and reintroduced to Greek/Roman ideas (art, philosophy, literature) preserved by Byzantine and Muslim empires
- Trade – Huge impact, crusaders brought back new products (spices, silk, cotton, fruits, etc) that created demand in Europe → led to new markets → growth of towns
- Overall – 1. Learning increased, 2. Feudalism declined, 3. Economy got better, 4. Set up Renaissance, 5. Legacy of tensions between Christians and Muslims

11. Crusades (cont.) Pope Urban II: 1095 – called First Crusade
Richard the Lion-Hearted: 1189 – King of England, led the Third Crusade
Saladin: 1100s – Leader of Turks, reunited Muslims against Christians

12. Important Events
Battle of Hastings: 1066, William the Conqueror from Normandy (France) won control of southern Britain from Anglo-Saxons,
SO WHAT – Norman and Anglo Saxon cultures mix creating English culture and the English language
Hundred Years War: s, England claimed French throne, Joan of Arc
SO WHAT – New weapons invented: longbow (ended knights armor) and cannon (ended castles as defense)

13. Important Events (cont.)
Bubonic Plague: 1340s, disease with no cure, spread to Europe by fleas on rats from Asian traders, worst in new crowded cities
SO WHAT –
- Socially: killed 1/3 of Europeans – people questioned power of the Church
- Economically: survivors gained wealth – got what dead left behind and could demand wages because workers were in high demand
- Politically: End of feudalism – peasants revolted, led to growth of new political systems (monarchs had “national” power

14. Feudalism
100 Years
War
Crusades
Battle of
Hastings
Magna
Carta
Black
Death
Battle of
Tours
Charlemagne
crowned
100 Years
War
Crusades
Battle of
Hastings
Magna
Carta
Black
Death
Battle of
Tours
Charlemagne
crowned