1. THE BRAIN Mrs. Martinez Psychology I

2. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM A.Brain B.Spinal Cord a.Spinal Reflexes- simple automatic responses to something.

3. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM  Somatic Nervous System-  Enables us to experience sensations such as hot or cold.  Alerts us that parts of the body have changed position.  Helps to maintain balance and posture

4. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM  Autonomic Nervous System-  Sympathetic-activated when someone is going into action because of a stressful event. (fight or flight response)  Parasympathetic-restores the body’s reserves of energy after an action has occurred.  Brings our body to a peaceful state

5. THE BRAIN  Composed of many parts that organize our movements, create our thoughts, form our emotions and produce our behaviors.  Divided into 3 Sections:  The lower level: medulla, pons and cerebellum  The middle level: Limbic system includes the amygdala, hypothalamus and reticular formation.  The outer level: the cerebrum and cerebral cortex.

7. THE BRAIN  Cerebral Cortex  The part that makes us uniquely human. It is the part that thinks!  Composed of 2 sides (hemispheres)  Connected by the corpus callosum  The brain is composed of 4 lobes.  frontal lobe-motor functions  parietal lobe-sensory area  occipital lobe-primary visual area  temporal lobe-auditory area

8. ASSOCIATION AREAS Shapes information into something meaningful

9. THE BRAIN AND LANGUAGE ABILITIES  Cerebral Cortex-  Association Areas- shapes information into something meaningful  Language abilities- concentrated in the left hemisphere  Broca’s area-located in the frontal lobe. It enables us to move our lips when speaking. When damaged, people speak slowly and with difficulty but comprehension is good.  Wernicke’s area-located in the temporal lobe. It pieces together sounds and sights. Damage to this area makes it difficult to understand speech.

10. METHODS OF STUDYING THE BRAIN  Accidents  Electrical stimulation of the brain  Electroencephalogram (EEG)-a device that studies the electrical activity of the brain.

11. SCANS  CAT MRI PET

12. PHINEAS GAGE  Read “What Happened to Phineas Gage?”  Answer the following questions in complete sentences: 1.Describe Phineas Gage’s accident. 2.How did Phineas Gage change after the accident? 3. How did Phineas Gage’s accident change scientists’ understanding of the brain? Video clip: Phineas GagePhineas Gage