AIM: How did Charlemagne attempt to recreate the Roman Empire

AIM: How did Charlemagne attempt to recreate the Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire-attempt by Charles Martel to unify the Frankish Kingdoms in France under 1 ruler following the Fall of Rome; Franks-a nomadic group of people who along with Germanics sacked Rome oral history- a way of passing down stories and traditions through spoken language

AIM: How did the Fall of Rome affect Western Europe?
Causes of the Fall of Rome Impact on Western Europe Solution to the Problems Nobody wanted to work the land due to violence Lack of crops, starvation,death and violence Manorialism Breakdown in law and Order Stealing, fighting and killing due to no laws Feudalism Collapse of government Lack of social welfare and education Rise of the Catholic Church

Motivation: 1. What is ignorance?
2. What do you think causes people to be ignorant? (uneducated) 3. Can ignorance spread?

Middle Ages-The period between the Fall of Rome and the Renaissance period.
Sometimes this period is called the dark ages, Medieval Period (Middle Ages)

Questions Why is the period following the Fall of Rome called the Middle Ages? Do you think it is fair to call the middle ages period a dark point in history?

Connection to today 1. What are some events or circumstances that can cause a society, nation or region to fall? 2. Describe a place that is in social, political or economic chaos? 3. Predict what will happen to that place in the future

I. Introduction to the Middle Ages (400-1400 AD)
A) The Middle Ages is the period of time in Europe after the collapse of the Roman Empire and before the Renaissance. (Chaos and Disorder) Collapse of central Government

List what you see in the image

AIM: How did the Fall of Rome lead to Feudalism? (Part 1)
1. List the jobs/titles that existed on the Manor 2. Put the job titles in order from low to high

Lord- Farmer Blacksmith Jailors Baker Undertaker Priest (doctor)
Serf-peasants who were servants to upper class;tied to the land, did many of the jobs listed Builder Swordman (knight)

Motivation How come some students resist being organized even if it would help them? How could we force students to do their work?

COPY WORDS FOR FRIDAY’S QUIZ
Holy Roman Empire Franks oral history manorialism self-sufficient feudalism serf chivalry fief vassal noble knight tithe castle gothic bishop guild monastery monk

Teacher Definitions Manorialism-an economic system based on landed agriculture that existed in Western Europe that was based on the production of goods and services (Self Sufficiency) Self-sufficient- the production of all goods and services on the Western European Manor

How did Feudalism attempt to solve the problems of the fall of Rome?
Causes of the Fall of Rome Impact on Western Europe Solution to the Problems Nobody wanted to work the land due to violence Lack of crops, starvation,death and violence Manorialism Breakdown in law and Order Stealing, fighting and killing due to no laws Feudalism (decentralized) Collapse of government Lack of social welfare and education Rise of the Catholic Church

COPY INTO YOUR NOTEBOOK-Feudalism
Rigid Class Structure/ Little or no social mobility. Based on Landed wealth and family bloodlines

DECENTRALIZED (local)-Feudalism
X-lord Centralized-Empire EMPIRE

Lord/Vassal Relationship
gives land or food for service LORD-gets and gives protection for used of land The Lord/Vassal relationship bound each rung of Feudalism to the one above it Fief- land given by Lord to Vassal

AIM: How did Feudalism influence Medieval society?
Do Now: 1. Define Manorialism 2. Define Feudalism

COPY WORDS FOR FRIDAY’S QUIZ
Holy Roman Empire* Franks (people)* oral history* manorialism self-sufficient feudalism serf chivalry fief vassal noble knight tithe castle gothic bishop guild monastery monk WORDS IN BOLD AND UNDERLINED HAVE BEEN COVERED IN CLASS 7-8 of those words WILL BE ON QUIZ

COPY INTO NOTEBOOK-- Feudalism-
Political system of the Middle Ages in which kings throughout Europe gave land away to nobles in return for their loyalty and military service. *Lack of Social Mobility---Rigid Class System *Rise of local rulers* (LORDS) *Similar to Japanese Feudalism

COPY INTO YOUR NOTE BOOK
FEUDALISM- 2) Nobles that received land from the king had to serve as knights (warriors on horseback) and fight when necessary. Knights had to follow chivalry (a code of behavior that stressed loyalty and bravery). *Similar to Japanese Bushido*

COPY INTO YOUR NOTEBOOK
3) Feudalism is considered to be a decentralized (local) political system because kings gave away much of their power to nobles, who each controlled their own local areas. Nobles-local lords who had family bloodlines and land; their position allowed for political stability

4) In the feudal system, land was the basis of wealth and power
4) In the feudal system, land was the basis of wealth and power. Those with more land were considered to be more wealthy and powerful. (Landed Wealth) Give me the land! Get Land! Land=Power

EFFECT OF FEUDALISM IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE
5) Feudalism brought social stability, order, and structure to the Middle Ages.

QUIZ TOMORROW STUDY-ppt is published on my teacher page under Middle Ages
Holy Roman Empire Franks oral history manorialism self-sufficient feudalism serf chivalry fief vassal noble knight tithe castle gothic bishop guild monastery monk

How did Feudalism attempt to solve the problems of the fall of Rome?
Causes of the Fall of Rome Impact on Western Europe Solution to the Problems Nobody wanted to work the land due to violence Lack of crops, starvation,death and violence Manorialism Breakdown in law and Order Stealing, fighting and killing due to no laws Feudalism (decentralized) Collapse of government Lack of social welfare and education Rise of the Catholic Church

Summary: How did Feudalism attempt to keep social/political order
Summary: How did Feudalism attempt to keep social/political order? (How did Feudalism organize society) ---Describe what you learned about Feudalism based on today’s lesson in Paragraph form -Cause -Description -Impact on Medieval Society

Question: Is it a fair comparison to call the knights the Mafia or Gangsters of the Dark Ages?

AIM: How did Manorialism attempt to solve the effects of Rome’s Fall?
Do Now: Are you self sufficient? Explain Self Sufficient-Able to provide for oneself without the help of others; independent.

What is more important to you order or freedom?
Order--Control Freedom--Liberty

AIM: How did the Fall of Rome affect Western Europe?

List all of your needs that are met by yourself or by others

Needs food water clothes Shelter (housing) Work Family Friendship
Order/security Community

Manorialism -an economic system that meet people’s needs during the Middle Ages
1) During the Middle Ages, most people lived (and died) on manors (areas of land owned by a noble).

List what you see in the image

Life on the Manor 3 field system (fallow) Church (birth--death) Mill
Oven Blacksmith Pasture Lord’s house Peasants (serf’s house) Orchard Vineyard

2) Each manor had homes, farmland, artisans, water, and serfs (peasants that could not
leave the land and who performed farm labor for the noble).

3) Since each manor was mostly self-sufficient (provided for its own needs), trade decreased during the Middle Ages.

Manorialism (Student definition)
Self-Sufficient (student definition)

Let’s create a definition on the following word based on our notes and discussion
manorialism self-sufficient

Teacher Definitions Manorialism-an economic system based on landed agriculture that existed in Western Europe that was based on the production of goods and services (Self Sufficiency) Self-sufficient- the production of all goods and services on the Western European Manor

Summary: 1. Describe Life on the Manor (Use self- sufficiency in you definition) 2. How did the Fall of Rome create a need for the Manor life?

Quiz: Take out a sheet of paper and blue/black pen and put a proper heading on the paper.

QUIZ: Name Date Mr. Habart Per
oral history manorialism self-sufficient feudalism serf chivalry fief vassal noble knight

NEXT WEEK'S WORD flying buttress sacraments pope bishop Crusades
holy war tithe castle gothic guild monastery monk

AIM: How did the Catholic Church attempt to solve the problems of the Middle Ages?

http://www.fromparis.com/virtual-tour- notre-dame/
gothic-style of architecture characterized by tall spires, stained glass windows and flying buttresses

D) Religion- During the Middle Ages, the Roman Catholic Church (especially the Pope) was very wealthy and influential in Western Europe. E) Main Goal was Salvation (the Hereafter) Life After death--life stinks there’s got to be something better than this!!!!ugh

F) Gothic Cathedrals Tall Spires/Stained Glass Windows----built their building to reach GOD

AIM: How did the Catholic Church attempt to bring order to the Middle Ages?

AIM: How did the Catholic Church meet the needs of the people from the Middle Ages?
1. What are some jobs that people today perform that help other people? 2.What are people’s educational and societal needs?

Fun Conflict Medical Life Events

How did the Catholic Church attempt to Bring order to the Middle Ages?
How it brought order Job today Sacraments Christian stages of religious life;baptism, communion, marriage, last rites Religious Leaders Priests--Nuns--Pope Role of Priest(Monk)/Nun Religious duties, medical role, social, taught children of the lord, property disputes Dr.s, social worker, teachers, lawyers and bankers Charity to the Poor (tithe) a giving of charity to the church by the Catholic followers; supposed to be 10% of crops or wealth Government, Businesses and charitable organizations

NEXT WEEK'S WORD castle-a home/fort built by medieval lords to protect themselves from attacks flying buttress-supports that allowed for gothic cathedrals to be built higher than earlier churches sacraments-Christian stages of religious life;baptism, communion, marriage, last rites

AIM: Why did the Crusades begin?
Do Now: If you were a serf and you had a problem who would you go to for a solution? The lord of the manor or the local priest? Why? Give Facts, examples and arguments to support your argument.

monastery-a home/house or place for Christian monks; preserved Roman Literature (that was in line with Catholicism) monk-a member of Christianity who performed many duties for the people of the middle ages (teaching, charity,

tithe-a giving of charity to the church by the Catholic followers; supposed to be 10% of crops or wealth

Monarch, Lords, Nobles and Knights
Point of Conflict The Church (Pope, Bishops and Priests) Land was theirs to hold and possess Tithe Church began to be a major landholder more so than any 1 Monarch First male heir would get the kingdom--often had to fight brothers for the throne 2nd and 3rd sons of the nobility began to be involved in church politics serfs/nobles should follow the lord of the manors rules (body) Loyalty should follow church law (canon) to be closer to god (soul)

pope-considered to speak for God according to Catholics;head of Catholic Church
bishop-a religious leader in the Catholic Church between the archbishop and priest

COPY-Why did the Christians want to reclaim the holy?
II. Crusades ( ) 1. The Crusades were the religious wars of the Middle Ages in which Christians from Europe fought to regain control of the Holy Land from Muslims. 2. The Holy Land is a sacred area of the Middle East that includes the city of Jerusalem.

AIM: Why did Europeans want to fight in the Crusades?
Do Now: 1. What were the causes of the crusades based on yesterdays lesson? 2. Define Crusades--

Vocabulary Crusades-name given by Christians to the series of battles waged against the Islamic world in order to repossess the holy land of Jerusalem. holy war-name for a religious conflict; the Crusades are an example Moors-Name of the Islamic inhabitants who fought against the European Christian invaders during the Crusades

Questions: 1. What motivates people? explain.
2. Why do people like going on vacation?

Motivation of Crusaders
Wealth (land, gold, jewels) Making a name (victorious in battle) Doing good (fighting for their religion) Following orders (converting non-believers) Lessening suffering (forgiveness of sins) Adventure (chance to get off the manor) Fighting a common enemy (Islam)

COPY-Why were European Christians motivated to fight in the Crusades?
Causes of (reasons for) the Crusades: 1) European Christians believed they would be forgiven for their sins if they fought for God. (God) 2) European Christians believed the Holy Land should not be controlled by Muslims. (God) 3) Many poor Europeans wanted to escape from feudalism. (adventure) 4) Many Europeans hoped to gain wealth from the Middle East. (Wealth)

Motivation for Crusades
Pope Bishops and Archbishops King Nobles Knights Serfs

wanted to unify the Western and Eastern Churches, extend Christianity
Motivation for Crusades Pope wanted to unify the Western and Eastern Churches, extend Christianity Bishops and Archbishops become powerful over the land of the middle East King was a way to rid his lands of fighting nobles Nobles a way to earn wealth and a name for themselves Knights a way to earn wealth and honor Serfs freedom, adventure and salvation

SUMMARY: Which reason do you think was the biggest motivation for Christians choosing to fight in the Crusades? (God, Adventure or Wealth?) Which group was the most influential in leading the Crusade?

Connection to today: What do you think motivates people today to go to war? Are people’s regarding war beliefs realistic? What are the lesson’s of todays lesson that we should be aware of?

Aim: Why are the Crusades referred to as a successful failure?
Do Now: 1. what do you think successful failure means? Give examples

COPY-How did the Crusades affect Europe?
Effects (results) of the Crusades: 1) After years of fighting, trade between Europe and the Middle East increased (Italian cities such as Venice gained control over much of this trade since they had a central location in the Mediterranean Sea).

Copy-How did the Crusades affect Europe?
2) Europeans learned about the many achievements that Muslims had made during their Golden Age (i.e.- achievements in math, science, medicine, philosophy, and art). 3) Feudalism in Europe began to decline as many nobles had been killed and many serfs had escaped.

Summary: The Crusades is often called history’s most successful failure 1. Why were the Crusades successful? 2. Why was it a failure? 3. Why do we call it a successful failure?

Negative Results of Crusades
Military victory in the First Crusade, but losses in the following efforts. Eastern and Western Christianity are permanently divided. Attacks on Jews in France and Germany

Positive Results of the Crusades
• Increased trade within Europe. • Increased trade with the Islamic world and Asia. • “New” old knowledge [Greek and Roman philosophy] coming into Europe.

Crusades broke up the night of the Dark Ages.”
“The Crusades form one of the maddest episodes in history. Christianity hurled itself at [Islam] in expedition after expedition for nearly three centuries, until failure brought [failure ]. Europe was drained of men and money, and threatened with social bankruptcy, if not with annihilation. Millions perished in battle, hunger, or disease; and every atrocity the imagination can conceive disgraced the warriors of the Cross. But there is a law of compensation in nature; good often comes of evil; and the Crusades broke up the night of the Dark Ages.” -- G.W. Foote & J.M. Wheeler The Crusades In The Crimes of Christianity, 1887

Create a graphic organizer on separate piece of paper with a heading
Causes Create a graphic organizer on separate piece of paper with a heading Effects The Crusades

Quiz: Clear your desk and take out a sheet of paper

Name Mr. Habart 1. Feudalism 2. Manorialism 3. Crusades 4. Tithe 5. Fief 6. Holy War 7. Moors 8. Monastery 9. Monk 10. Castle

AIM: How did the Commercial Revolution influence global history?
Do Now: 1. What are commercials? 2. What do you think the point of commercials are? Give examples to support your answer

Directions: You will copying the Graphic organizer on the next page and fill it in using the slides that follow. I will be checking it by walking around or collecting it. The assignment is worth 10 Classwork points *Definitions should be working definitions* short definitions that help you understand what the word means *Be sure to define Commercial Revolution

*COPY CHART ON A SEPARATE SHEET WITH HEADING (Will be collected)*
Commercial Revolution- New Forms of Business (list and define) 1. Partnerships and Joint Stock Companies 2. Banks- lent $ and issued Bills of exchange 3. Bills of exchange-papers that were like checks used gold deposits 4.Insurance-protection against the loss or damage of goods Background (Middle Ages and Crusades) How did the Crusades lead to the Commercial Revolution?lead to the trading between muslims and Europeans, exchange of goods Italian City States and Trade Fairs trade fairs were used to exchange goods and this led to the development of towns The downside of Eurasian (Global Trade) Guilds Capitalism

New Forms of business Partnerships & Joint Stock Company-Used to raise capital for larger projects. Less financial risk to the individual Banks-Provided money lending services as well as issuing Bills of Exchange. Bills of Exchange-Worked like modern checking account. Merchant would deposit gold and receive a Bill of Exchange. Could then turn that in for gold at other banks. Easier and Safer than carrying gold along trade routes Insurance Paid a small fee to insure goods during travel. If goods were damaged or lost, insurance company pays replacement costs. If arrive safely, insurance company keeps the fee.

Background Toward the end of the European Middle Ages, the Catholic Church launched a series of Holy Wars against the Muslims in the Middle East. These wars were known as the Crusades, and while their original goals were not achieved, they nevertheless, had long reaching effects. As a result of the Crusades, trade increased, which also increased cultural diffusion between the Islamic world and Europe. As this trade flourished and grew, new practices in business were developed, and a fundamental change in European society took place. This time period is known as the Commercial Revolution.

In the late 1300s, Italian City States became the center of the resurgence of trade. Venice was the richest and most powerful of these states. From Italy, goods were shipped to large trade fairs, which were located on major trade route crossroads. The larger of these trade fairs evolved into towns, with a change in the way of life for their inhabitants.

A result of the increased interaction between Europe and the Middle East was the spread of the Bubonic Plague, also known as, the Black Death. Starting in the 1100s, the plague was spread along trade routes and had an enormous impact on Europe, including the loss of 1/3 of the population, a decline in their economy, and a weakening of feudalism. In China, 35 million people died as a result of the plague, and in Cairo, Egypt, 7,000 people a day died at the disease's height.

Guilds Despite some setbacks due to the plague, the resurgence of trade continued across Europe, with many new innovations in business. Guilds: were trade associations of craft workers and merchants. All of one craft would form together to set standards on prices and quality. Guilds dominated economic life during this period and were the main mode of production.

Capitalism: emerged with the decline of feudalism
Capitalism: emerged with the decline of feudalism. Capitalism is based on trade and capital, which is money for investment. Higher demand for a product means higher prices and higher profits. Capitalism becomes the new economic system and resulted in the development of new business practices to handle the increase in trade.

commercial revolution
guild-an early form of a workers association made up of skilled craftsmen commercial revolution

AIM: How did geography influence Japan?
Do Now:Describe what you see and list what you know about Japan

Analogy for Japan’s Geography
Describe Godzilla in your own words, use the image if you’ve never heard of Godzilla

Godzilla Graphic Organizer
Breathes Fire Volcanoes Molten Magma and eruptions Spikes on Back Volcanic Mountains Archipelago of Japan formed by the volcanoes Rough Skin Rough Terrain Much of the Japanese Islands are rough and as a result farming is difficult Lives in the Water Archipelago Islands were formed from underwater volcanoes--Japanese rely on sea for food and trade Destroys Japanese Cities Typhoons, Tsunamis (underwater Earthquakes) and Earthquakes Japans location on fault line leads to frequent destruction--use of swayable or rebuildable buildings

o archipelago o tsunami o typhoons o Shinto o kami o kamikaze
NO QUIZ THIS FRIDAY: PARENT TEACHER CONFERENCES--TERMS WILL BE ON FINAL--Look through your packet and underline the following words o archipelago o tsunami o typhoons o Shinto o kami o kamikaze o Zen Buddhism o shogun o daimyo o samurai o Code of Bushido o cultural diffusion o terrace gardens o Zen gardens o tea ceremony o kabuki theater o Tokugawa Shogunate

Question: How would you describe Japan’s geography?
I. Geography A) Japan is located in East Asia and is considered to be an archipelago- A country that consists of a group of islands (Japan is made up of 4 main islands)

Irregular Coastlines

Mountains

Question: How would you describe Japan’s geography?
B) Japan has a long and irregular(unsmooth/rough) coastline C) Japan is made up mostly of mountains, which has made farming difficult.

TERRACE FARMING

How did Japan Adapt to their geography?
1) Terrace Farming- In order to farm in the mountains, the Japanese had to dig and carve flat areas (called terraces) into the sides of mountains. NOTE: The Inca of Peru (in South America) used the same technique

Shinto Temples

Question: How would you describe
II. Religion A) Shinto is the religion of Japan. It is a religion (similar to Animism in Africa) that believes all living and nonliving things in nature (such as trees, mountains, rivers, animals, etc.) have a spirit.

ZEN BUDDHIST TEMPLE

B) Later in Japan’s history, Buddhism became popular as well
B) Later in Japan’s history, Buddhism became popular as well. Today, most Japanese practice both Shinto and Buddhism.

China/Japan Close proximity Allowed for selective borrowing
Cultural independence

How did China Influence Japan?
III. Influence of China on Japan A) Cultural Diffusion- Early Japan was GREATLY influenced by contact with the neighboring Asian civilization of China. Through contact with China, Japan received many important things: (Close Proximity/Selective Borrowing)

1) Writing- Japan’s first form of writing was influenced by Chinese writing.
2) Buddhism- The Japanese learned about the Buddhist religion from the Chinese. 3) Tea- The Japanese first learned how to cultivate (grow) tea from the Chinese.

How did Geography Influence Japan
Geographical Feature Effect on Japan Influence on Japan Archipelago isolation use of the sea, selective borrowing, cultural diffusion/isolation Volcanic formed island earthquakes, typhoons, poor farmland swayable buildings Mountainous terrain lack of farmland, poor travel trade and large cities, bullet trains Close proximity to China threat of invasion borrowed :buddhism, written language and tea ceremony

AIM: How did geography influence Japanese history?

AIM:How did were Japanese and European Feudalism similar?
Do Now: How did geography influence Japan?

Review for Final: Describe Feudalism in your own word (try to draw the social hierarchy)

Review:-Feudalism Rigid Class Structure/ Little or no social mobility.
Based on Landed wealth and family bloodlines

Draw the social hierarchy in your notebook
JAPANESE FEUDALISM

How are European and Japanese Feudalism similar?

Question: How did Japanese Feudalism work?
IV. Japanese Feudalism A) Similar to Europe during the Middle Ages, Japan developed a system of feudalism early in its history. The feudal system worked like this:

Fill in the Chart: I will be checking it!!
European Feudalism Similarities (5 points) Japanese Feudalism __

Describe the rulers of Japan?
1) Emperor and Shogun (military general)- They were the rulers of Japan. 2) Daimyo- They were the wealthy nobles who were given land by the emperor and Shogun in return for loyalty and military service.

Question: How would you describe the Samurai (bushido)?
3) Samurai- They were the warriors of Japanese society. They pledged loyalty to the Daimyo and had to fight when necessary. The samurai had a code of behavior called Bushido (which required the samurai to be loyal to the Daimyo and to fight bravely in battle)

B) NOTE: Japanese feudalism was very similar to European feudalism:

Question: How were Bushido and Chivalry similar?
1) Japanese samurai and European knights both followed a code of behavior. Bushido was the code of the Samurai and Chivalry was the code of the knights. Both codes emphasized loyalty and bravery.

2) Japanese and European feudalism were both decentralized, which means that power was given to many different local leaders instead of being concentrated in the hands of a single ruler.

3) Because people in each society had a clear role to follow, feudalism brought structure, order, and stability (calmness) to society.

Add to Notes Tokugawa Shogunate Eventually a shogunate(government run by the shogun) ruled most of Japan a member of a powerful family in Japan that ruled as shoguns, 1603–1867. a period of Japanese history under the rule of Tokugawa shoguns, characterized by a samurai ruling class, urbanization, and the growth of a merchant class.

Fill in the Chart: I will be checking it!!
European Feudalism Similarities Japanese Feudalism Japanese samurai and European knights both followed a code of behavior. Bushido /Chivalry Both Bushido and Chivalry emphasized loyalty and bravery. Japanese and European feudalism were both decentralized power was given to many different local leaders (lords/shogun/Daimyo) brought structure, order, and stability (calmness) to society

Summary:How did were Japanese and European Feudalism similar?
write 3-5 sentences describing Japanese Feudalism and compare it to European Feudalism

o archipelago o tsunami o typhoons o Shinto o kami o kamikaze
NO QUIZ THIS FRIDAY: PARENT TEACHER CONFERENCES--TERMS WILL BE ON FINAL o archipelago o tsunami o typhoons o Shinto o kami o kamikaze o Zen Buddhism o shogun o daimyo o samurai o Code of Bushido o cultural diffusion o terrace gardens o Zen gardens o tea ceremony o kabuki theater o Tokugawa Shogunate

AIM: Why are the Tang/Song Dynasties considered to be a Golden Age?
Do Now: (review) 1. Define Golden Age 2. Give examples of what makes a civilization a Golden Age.

Golden Age: A time in a culture of high achievement in arts, literature, and science. Generally occurs in times of peace. Tang Dynasty – a powerful ruling family that ruled China from 618 to 907, they built a vast empire that had a stable government, society & economy based on trade. Government corruption, drought & rebellions led to its collapse. Song Dynasty – ruling family that reunited China from 960 to 1279 under the leadership of General Zhao Kuangyin . The dynasty was weakened by invaders & fell to the Mongols in 1279. Tributary states – independent state that must acknowledge the supremacy of another state & pay tribute (money) to its ruleentry – wealthy landowning class Civil Service System – A branch of governmental service in which individuals are employed on the basis ofprofessional merit as proven by competitive examinations.

I. Golden Age of China: The Tang and Song Dynasties (600s-1200s)
A) The Golden Age of China took place during the Tang and Song Dynasties. Like all Golden Ages, this was a period of tremendous achievements in the arts, science, math, and literature.

B) Key achievements of the Tang and Song Dynasties:

Gunpowder 1) The Chinese invented gunpowder (which was later adopted by civilizations in Europe and the Middle East).

Chinese Compass 2) The Chinese invented the compass (which improved sailing/navigation by sea).

(Chinese) Block Printing
3) The Chinese invented block printing (a method of printing in which ink is placed on carved wooden blocks that are pressed onto paper).

Porcelain 4) The Chinese created works of art using porcelain (beautiful clay).

The Silk Road Spreads Chinese Inventions throughout Asia, Europe and Africa (global Trade)

C) Other key facts about the Tang and Song Dynasties:
1) The Chinese conducted long distance trade with other civilizations on land (using the Silk Road) and by sea (from their coastal port city of Canton).

Question: which of the the Chinese inventions would be the most important to people from other parts of the world? Why?

But wait there’s more Chinese Contributions!!!

2) Cultural Diffusion- Buddhism became popular in China during this period as the ideas of this religion entered China due to trade using the Silk Road. 3) The Chinese continued to use civil service exams to select highly qualified people to work in their government.

I. The Mongols (1100s-1400s) A) Introduction 1) The Mongol people originated on the steppes (grassy plains) of Central Asia.

2) The Mongols lived in a harsh physical environment and survived as nomadic pastoralists-
They raised animals and migrated frequently in search of grazing lands for their animals.

C) Marco Polo 1) Marco Polo was an Italian merchant who visited the Mongols in China and remained there for almost 20 years. 2) After returning to Italy, Marco wrote down extensive information about his experiences in China with the Mongols.

3) NOTE: The writings of Marco Polo are important for several reasons:
a) They are valuable primary sources that teach us about China during this period. b) They increased the desire of Europeans to trade with China to obtain valuable goods

D) The Mongols are important for several reasons:
1) Trade and travel between Europe and Asia increased TREMENDOUSLY during Mongol rule since the Mongols kept peace and prevented violence along trade routes (like the Silk Road).

2) Influence on Russia a) After they conquered Russia, the Mongols kept Russia isolated (removed) from developments that were taking place in Western Europe. b) The Mongols taught the Russians how to have a centralized government- A strong government with one ruler in firm control.

3) The Mongols were the first foreign group to completely conquer China.
4) The Mongols developed a tribute system- Areas taken over by the Mongols were required to give the Mongols money each year

I. The Black Death ( ) A) The Black Death refers to the major disease (called bubonic plague) that killed 25 million people in Europe (almost 1/3 of the population) during the late Middle Ages.

C) The disease started in East Asia (maybe China) and spread to Europe over trade routes such as
the Silk Road. The interaction of different groups of people helped spread the disease.

C) Major effects (results) of the Black Death:
1) Depopulation- The population of Europe decreased from 85 million to 60 million. 2) Feudalism continued to decline as serfs fled from manors for better opportunities. 3) Trade temporarily decreased.

o o Bubonic Plague o Black Death o epidemic o geographic extent of the Black Death

o Hundred Years War longbow

o Catholic Inquisition
o heresy o Reconquista o Hanseatic League

AIM: How did Charlemagne attempt to recreate the Roman Empire

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