1. ICT4D: Conceptual Framework Onno W. Purbo Onno@indo.net.id IDRC Sabbaticant

2. References http://sandbox.bellanet.org/~onno/ http://www.apjii.or.id/onno/ Mailing List wifi4d@dgroups.org

3. Acknowledgment.. Thank you IDRC Thank you SFU & Indonesian Consulate Thank you my comrades in Indonesian ICT movement including Heru Nugroho, Judith, Donny, Bona, Michael, Johar, Basuki, etc..

4. Disclaimer.. I’m an engineer I’m not a social scientist or a economics I tend to simplify things..

5. The logic / The Process Day 1: University students & hobbyists Chat / Talk Share implicit knowledge Year 1-2: Some put it into writing (explicit knowledge) Year 2-3: Community convinced. Year 4-5: Community invest own infrastructure. US$0.5/student/month (RoI 1-2 years) US$15-45/neighbor/month

6. Let’s lay out the strategy Use ICT to liberate people.. Self-finance replication process Encourage self-finance knowledge producer

7. My Favorite Path High Impact Maximize Bang For The Buck Minimal Outside Funding Self-Finance if possible Sustainable

8. Unfortunate Consequences.. It is a long (10+ years) process Only those who have Vision Believe Dedication Commitment …… may survive on such path

9. Development Conceptual Framework The options

10. Top Downvs. Bottom Up Supply Driven Encourage Consume Written Law based Copyright Closed Source Project based Project funded Organized Demand Driven Encourage Produce Consensus based Copyleft Open Source Community Movmt Self-funded Messy

11. Con’t.. Centralized Short Term Project Multinational Investment Telco Infrastructure Supply Driven Multi National Investment Distributed Long Term Movement Collective Community Investment Community Based Infrastructure Demand Driven Capacity Building

12. “What If No Telco Necessary?” Onno W. Purbo, CERN Courier July 2003

13. In The Past All Owned by Big Players Distinction Operator vs. Customer

14. Past Regulatory Framework Network Operator Service Operator Reseller Customer Government License Telco First Customer Later Supply First Demand Later

15. Today.. Community Owned Incumbent Owned

16. Regulatory Challenge Network Operator Service Reseller Community Government License Community Network Community Network Community Network Community First Telco Later Demand First Supply Later

17. Self-Finance Replication.. Look at The Model.. Suggested Strategic Point

18. Basic Principles Producervs. Consumer Supplycreated by Demand

19. Components

20. 2-Way Interaction (~1-3 years)

21. Explicit Knowledge 200+ Young Authors Thousands Book Titles All in Local Language

22. Vendor Ads Donate Equipments Sponsor / Ads

23. Physical Interact

24. Demand

25. Cost US$ 2-3/book US$ 1-2/magazine US$ 2-5/seminar US$ 50 /workshop Authors Gets US$15-25/articles US$500-700/book US$100-800/workshop

26. Impact Millions 10-100.000 persons 100-1000 persons

27. Self-Finance Demand Creation It can be a self-finance process

28. Development Injection For Development Agencies For Government

29. Dev. Injection Networking Platform Incentive for Authors Facilitate Knowledge Distribution Facilitate Link Between Manufacturer & Demand

30. Subtle Influence The Policy

31. In The Past Common ParliamentGovernment Operator Input License Service Guidance

32. Community Movement Government Community Education / Knowledge

33. Community Community Movement Government ICT

34. Community Movement Government Community ICT Pressure

35. Pro Community Policy Government Community ICT Pro-Community Pro-People Pro-Poor Policy

36. What if we can change the regulation? Currently WiFi outdoor is licensed band. Only ISP can get such licensed. 1999, we have to pay US$2200/year/node 2002, we have to pay US$270/year/node Fact, Most people run the system w/o licensed

37. Unlicensing WiFi Band.. TodayNext 5 Years Users1 million17.8 million ISP Tax/yrUS$116.000US$2.4 million VAT Tax/yrUS$812.000US$14.8 mllion Invest TaxUS$ 2 millionUS$69.6 mllion PC units50002 million WiFi equipts5500130.000 Large Market! US$35/unit production cost  US$4.5 million industrial value!

38. The conservative consequences 17.8+ million Internet users

39. Indonesia will be dangerous! CountryPopulation 2003 Australia20+ million Malaysia23+ million Philippine84+ million Thailand63+ million Vietnam81+ million Burma42+ million Canada31+ million

40. Keep in mind It is a long 10+ years of dedication & development processes … SORRY BUT - Not much celebration, parties, ribbon cutting, & spot lights …

41. Thank You Knowledge is power Share it It will multiply