1. Imperialism and the Victorian Era Warm Up – Define the following: 1.Imperialism 2.Capitalism 3.Nationalism 4.Racism 5.Social Darwinism Queen Victoria

2. 1.Imperialism – A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically and socially 2.Capitalism – Economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for profit 3.Nationalism – The belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation – that is, to the people with whom they share a culture and a history, rather than to a king or ruler. 4.Racism – Belief in the superiority of one race. 5.Social Darwinism – ideas about “survival of the fittest” applied to humans.

3. Imperialism or Nationalism ? In your group, decide whether the picture depicts imperialism or nationalism and tell why you chose as you did.

4. Why Imperialism? Empire Building Empire Building Economics Economics Political and Military Interests Political and Military Interests Power and Authority Power and Authority Nineteenth Century – 1800s Nineteenth Century – 1800s British Dominance - called the Victorian Era after Queen Victoria who ruled for 64 years British Dominance - called the Victorian Era after Queen Victoria who ruled for 64 years

5. The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire Examine the map below and then decide in your groups what the title means.

6. Forms of Imperialism FormDefinitionExample Colony A country or territory governed internally by a foreign power. Somaliland in East Africa was a French Colony. Protectorate A country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power. Britain established a protectorate over the Niger River Delta.

7. Forms of Imperialism Continued Sphere of Influence An area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges. Liberia was under the sphere of influence of the United States. Economic Imperialism An independent but less developed country controlled by private business interests rather than other governments. The Dole Fruit company controlled pineapple trade in Hawaii.

8. Imperial Management Methods Indirect Control Direct Control Local government officials used. Local government officials used. Limited self-rule. Limited self-rule. Goal: to develop future leaders. Goal: to develop future leaders. Government institutions are based on European styles but may have local rules. Government institutions are based on European styles but may have local rules. Foreign officials brought in to rule. Foreign officials brought in to rule. No self-rule No self-rule Government institutions are based only on European styles. Government institutions are based only on European styles. Examples: British colonies such as Nigeria, India, Burma British colonies such as Nigeria, India, Burma U.S. colonies on Pacaific Islands. U.S. colonies on Pacaific Islands.Examples: French colonies such as Somaliland, Vietnam. French colonies such as Somaliland, Vietnam. German colonies such as German East Africa. German colonies such as German East Africa. Portuguese colonies such as Angola. Portuguese colonies such as Angola.

9. White Man’s Burden Racist or Satirical? Racist or Satirical? “Already long ago, from when we sold our vote to no man, the People have abdicated our duties; for the People who once upon a time handed out military command, high civil office, legions — everything, now restrains itself and anxiously hopes for just two things: bread and circuses” “Already long ago, from when we sold our vote to no man, the People have abdicated our duties; for the People who once upon a time handed out military command, high civil office, legions — everything, now restrains itself and anxiously hopes for just two things: bread and circuses” ~Juvenal Satire ~Juvenal Satire 1 st Century Rome 1 st Century Rome 100 A.D. 100 A.D.

10. Imperialism and Empire - Africa Textbook – page 710 Textbook – page 710 1880 – Most of Africa consisted of independent states 1880 – Most of Africa consisted of independent states 1914 – With the exception of Ethiopia and Liberia, all of Africa was controlled by Europeans 1914 – With the exception of Ethiopia and Liberia, all of Africa was controlled by Europeans

11. Europeans Claim Muslim Lands Ottoman Empire loses power after Sulemain dies. Ottoman Empire loses power after Sulemain dies. Geopolitics – an interest in or taking of land for its strategic location and products, played an important role in the fate of the Ottoman Empire. Geopolitics – an interest in or taking of land for its strategic location and products, played an important role in the fate of the Ottoman Empire. Russia wanted control of the declining Ottoman Empire (specifically control of the Mediterranean Sea). Russia wanted control of the declining Ottoman Empire (specifically control of the Mediterranean Sea). Crimean War (Russia v. Ottomans). Crimean War (Russia v. Ottomans). Britain and France did not want Russia controlling Ottoman lands so they helped and defeated Russia. Britain and France did not want Russia controlling Ottoman lands so they helped and defeated Russia. The War exposed Ottoman weaknesses. (lost a considerable amount of land). The War exposed Ottoman weaknesses. (lost a considerable amount of land).

12. Egypt Initiates Reforms Egypt’s strategic location at the head of the Red Sea made it valuable to Britain and France. Egypt’s strategic location at the head of the Red Sea made it valuable to Britain and France. Leader Muhammad Ali began a series of economic and military reforms. Leader Muhammad Ali began a series of economic and military reforms. Suez Canal construction – human-made waterway that cut through the the Isthmus of Suez connecting the Red Sea to the Mediterranean. Suez Canal construction – human-made waterway that cut through the the Isthmus of Suez connecting the Red Sea to the Mediterranean. This project proved to be enormously expensive and created huge amounts of debt for Egypt. This project proved to be enormously expensive and created huge amounts of debt for Egypt. As a result: British occupied Egypt. As a result: British occupied Egypt.

13. Suez Canal - 1875 (page 708) Europeans needed a faster way to get from the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean Europeans needed a faster way to get from the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean The French and the Egyptians, with funding from France, began a canal to connect the two water bodies. The French and the Egyptians, with funding from France, began a canal to connect the two water bodies. Because Egypt could not pay their canal debts, they sold their shares to Great Britain Because Egypt could not pay their canal debts, they sold their shares to Great Britain 1882 – Egyptian nationalists rebel against foreign influence. British make Egypt a protectorate and take over control of the canal. 1882 – Egyptian nationalists rebel against foreign influence. British make Egypt a protectorate and take over control of the canal.

14. Persia Pressured to Change Russia and Britain competed to exploit Persia commercially. Russia and Britain competed to exploit Persia commercially. Persia lacked the capital to develop its own resources, so it began granting concessions to Western businesses. (tobacco and oil) Persia lacked the capital to develop its own resources, so it began granting concessions to Western businesses. (tobacco and oil)

15. Forces Enabling African and Indian Imperialism European technological superiority European technological superiority SteamboatsSteamboats Automatic machine gunAutomatic machine gun LocomotiveLocomotive TelegraphTelegraph Europeans had the means to control their empires Europeans had the means to control their empires Easy travelEasy travel Wide spread communicationWide spread communication African and Indian disunity African and Indian disunity Huge variety of culturesHuge variety of cultures Fighting among culturesFighting among cultures Huge business interests and support from companiesHuge business interests and support from companies

16. What is direct control? 1. Foreign leaders come in to govern. 2. Foreign leaders come in to help lead. 3. Local leaders take charge of foreign country’s policy. 4. Local leaders govern.

17. What is indirect control 1. Foreign leaders govern. 2. Foreign leaders come in to help lead. 3. Local leaders take control of outside country’s foreign policy. 4. Local leaders govern how they want.

18. Geopolitics is __________ 1. an interest in or taking of land for its strategic location and products. 2. an interest in or taking land for political reasons. 3. an interest in or taking of land for geographical reasons. 4. an interest in or taking land for economic reasons.

19. The Crimean War was between 1. Russia v. Britain 2. Russia v. Britain & France 3. Russia v. France 4. Russia v. Ottoman, Britain, & France.

20. What project created large amounts of debt for Egypt? 1. Panama Canal construction. 2. Suez Canal construction. 3. Root canal construction. 4. Croydon Canal construction.

21. Foreign businesses wanted to exploit Persia for two major resources which included _____ & _______. 1. tobacco & cotton 2. cotton & oil 3. wheat & tobacco 4. tobacco & oil

22. British in India British East India company controlled much of India using sepoys. British East India company controlled much of India using sepoys. Sepoys – Native Hindu or Muslim mercenary private police Sepoys – Native Hindu or Muslim mercenary private police Crops: opium poppies for sale in China and cotton and tea for sale in the rest of the British empire Crops: opium poppies for sale in China and cotton and tea for sale in the rest of the British empire Cotton textile making outlawed in India Cotton textile making outlawed in India India was so profitable, it was called the “Jewel in the Crown.” India was so profitable, it was called the “Jewel in the Crown.”

23. Negative Impacts of Colonialism in India British held most of the political power. British held most of the political power. British emphasis on cash crops & restriction of Indian-owned industries led to famines. British emphasis on cash crops & restriction of Indian-owned industries led to famines. Presence of missionaries and their racist attitudes threatened traditional Indian life. Presence of missionaries and their racist attitudes threatened traditional Indian life.

24. Positive Impacts Construction of the world’s 3 rd largest railway network throughout India. Construction of the world’s 3 rd largest railway network throughout India. Telegraph and telephone lines were also developed. Telegraph and telephone lines were also developed. Damns, bridges, canals enabled India to modernize. Damns, bridges, canals enabled India to modernize. Some estimates – literacy increased. Some estimates – literacy increased.

25. Sepoy Mutiny Growing resentment that Europeans were attempting to convert Indians to Christianity. Growing resentment that Europeans were attempting to convert Indians to Christianity. As economic problems increased > so did resentment. As economic problems increased > so did resentment. Rumors their rifles were greased with beef & pork. Muslims and Hindus were outraged. Rumors their rifles were greased with beef & pork. Muslims and Hindus were outraged.

26. Imperialism and Empire - India Page - 713 The Sepoy Rebellion allowed British soldiers to invade and control all of India The Sepoy Rebellion allowed British soldiers to invade and control all of India The British established control of India and its neighbors by 1914. The British established control of India and its neighbors by 1914. The British controlled Australia, New Zealand and much of the far east. The worlds’ biggest empire! The British controlled Australia, New Zealand and much of the far east. The worlds’ biggest empire!

27. Imperialism in China – page 714 Because of repeated attempts at invasion, China distrusted foreigners and tried to remain isolationist. Because of repeated attempts at invasion, China distrusted foreigners and tried to remain isolationist. They were unsuccessful. They were unsuccessful. Britain gained spheres of influence in China through smuggling opium. Resulted in Opium War (page 614) and Boxer Uprising. (page 714) Britain gained spheres of influence in China through smuggling opium. Resulted in Opium War (page 614) and Boxer Uprising. (page 714)

28. Imperialism in America Pages – 717-718 Early imperialism called Manifest Destiny – to expand from “sea to shining sea.” Indian wars, the Mexican War and the Civil War have been called examples of such imperialism. Americans moved out into the Pacific Ocean in the nineteenth century (1800s). Took control of Hawaii. Early imperialism called Manifest Destiny – to expand from “sea to shining sea.” Indian wars, the Mexican War and the Civil War have been called examples of such imperialism. Americans moved out into the Pacific Ocean in the nineteenth century (1800s). Took control of Hawaii. Japan – in 1853 Commodore Matthew Perry opened up trade with Japan by threatening military action. Japan – in 1853 Commodore Matthew Perry opened up trade with Japan by threatening military action. Japanese opened up trade to everyone. By 1830, Japan itself was an imperialist power, taking control of the Pacific. This led to American involvement in WWII. Japanese opened up trade to everyone. By 1830, Japan itself was an imperialist power, taking control of the Pacific. This led to American involvement in WWII. Fought a war with Spain in 1898. Acquired the Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico. (Spanish American War) Fought a war with Spain in 1898. Acquired the Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico. (Spanish American War)

29. The Age of Imperialism, 1850-1914 To gain power, European nations compete for colonies and trade. Nationalism Europeans exerted influence over the economic, political, and social lives of people they colonized. Europeans believe they must spread their Christian teachings to the world. Missionary Spirit Demand for raw materials and new markets spurs a search for colonies. Economic Competition Causes

30. The Age of Imperialism, 1850-1914 Europeans control land and people in areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Colonization Christianity is spread to Africa, India, and Asia. Christianization Europeans control trade in the colonies and set up dependent cash-crop economies. Colonial Economics Effects Europeans exerted influence over the economic, political, and social lives of people they colonized.