1. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-1 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Write Formulas with FunctionsWrite Formulas with Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary Microsoft Excel 2007 – Level 1 INSERTING FORMULAS IN A WORKSHEET

2. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-2 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Write Formulas with FunctionsWrite Formulas with Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary Performance Objectives Write formulas with mathematical operators Type a formula in the Formula bar Copy a formula Use the Insert Function feature to insert a formula in a cell Write formulas with the AVERAGE, MAX, MIN, COUNT, PMT, FV, DATE, NOW, and IF functions Create an absolute and mixed cell reference

3. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-3 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Financial FunctionsFinancial Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary Mathematical Operators +Addition -Subtraction *Multiplication /Division %Percent ^Exponentiation Order of Operations Negation Percent Exponentiation Multiplication, Division, left to right Addition, Subtraction, left to right Use parentheses to override the Order of Operations

4. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-4 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Financial FunctionsFinancial Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary Writing Formulas Begin with the equal (=) sign Then type remainder of formula Select cell that is to contain a formula

5. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-5 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Financial FunctionsFinancial Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary Typing in the Formula Bar Formulas can also be entered directly in the Formula bar Formula bar always displays formula, while active cell displays the formatted result of the formula

6. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-6 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Write Formulas with FunctionsWrite Formulas with Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary Copying Cells or a Formula 1. Select cells to copy from 3. Select area to paste copied cells into 2. Click Copy button or press Ctrl + C 4. Click Paste button or press Ctrl + V

7. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-7 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Financial FunctionsFinancial Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary Copying Formulas with the Fill Handle Insert formula in cell; with cell active, use fill handle to drag through cells that should contain the formula Cell references change relatively in the target cells when copying a formula

8. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-8 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Financial FunctionsFinancial Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary Write a Formula by Pointing Click the cell that will contain the formula, type the = sign Then click the cell you want to reference in the formula Enter the mathematical operator, click the next cell you want to reference, then press Enter

9. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-9 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Financial FunctionsFinancial Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary Using the Trace Error Button A Smart tag button may appear, depending on the action performed. Click Trace Error button (a Smart Tag) to display a list of options

10. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-10 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Financial FunctionsFinancial Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary Inserting Formulas with Functions =SUM(B3:B9,100) function argument this time a range of cells argument this time a constant Cell retains the formula but displays the calculated result =AVERAGE(d3:f9) Can type function or use Formula tab, Insert Function

11. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-11 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Financial FunctionsFinancial Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary Using the Insert Function Feature Click the Formulas Tab Then the Insert Function button Click arrow to display categories Or select a function from the list box

12. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-12 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Financial FunctionsFinancial Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary Function Arguments Palette If necessary, drag the Title bar of the Function Arguments Palette to display cell(s) behind Enter range of cells Displays information About the function Click to display help on the function

13. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-13 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Financial FunctionsFinancial Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary Statistical Functions AVERAGE A range of cells is added together and divided by the number of cell entries Ignores cells with text and blank cells (does not ignore zeros)

14. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-14 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Financial FunctionsFinancial Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary Statistical Functions…/2 MAX or MIN MAX returns maximum value in a range MIN returns minimum value in a range

15. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-15 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Financial FunctionsFinancial Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary Statistical Functions…/3 COUNT Counts numeric values in a range

16. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-16 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Financial FunctionsFinancial Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary Displaying Formulas Press Ctrl + ` (accent grave) to display formulas rather than calculated values ` is above the Tab key, to the left of the 1

17. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-17 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Financial FunctionsFinancial Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary Financial Functions PMT Calculates the periodic payment for a loan based on a set number of payments and a set interest rate

18. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-18 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Financial FunctionsFinancial Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary Financial Functions…/2 FV Calculates the future value of a series of equal payments or an annuity with a specific interest rate over a specific period of time

19. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-19 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Financial FunctionsFinancial Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary Date and Time Functions NOW Returns the serial number of the current date and time on the computer’s clock

20. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-20 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Financial FunctionsFinancial Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary Date and Time Functions…/2 DATE Returns the serial number of a particular date Excel stores dates as serial numbers - January 1, 1900 is serial number 1

21. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-21 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Financial FunctionsFinancial Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary Logical Functions IF Performs conditional tests on values and formulas using true or false test Use nested IF functions in a formula where more than two actions are required

22. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-22 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Financial FunctionsFinancial Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary Editing a Formula Edit in the cell or in the Formula bar text box Excel will highlight cells used in the formula. Press Enter when finished editing; Excel will recalculate automatically.

23. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-23 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Financial FunctionsFinancial Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary Writing a Nested IF Function FALSE is inserted if none of the conditions match With the below formula F is inserted if no match = IF(E2>89,”A”,IF(E2>79,”B”,IF(E2>69,”C”,IF(E2>59,”D”)))) If the number in E2 is greater than 89, the grade of A is returned If the number does not match the first condition, Excel looks to the second condition; if that condition is not met, then Excel looks to the third condition, and so on Insert quotation marks before and after text in a formula Insert quotation marks before and after text in a formula Notice colored parentheses represent each condition Notice colored parentheses represent each condition Maximum of 255 characters in a cell Maximum of 255 characters in a cell Use nested IF functions in a formula where more than two actions are required = IF(E2>89,”A”,IF(E2>79,”B”,IF(E2>69,”C”,IF(E2>59,”D”, “F”))))

24. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-24 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Financial FunctionsFinancial Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary Absolute and Mixed Cell References When a formula is copied: A relative cell reference adjusts An absolute cell reference does not change A mixed cell reference does both Make a cell reference absolute by Make a cell reference absolute by keying a dollar sign ($) before the column and/or row cell reference Can use the F4 key to cycle through cell reference options

25. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-25 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Financial FunctionsFinancial Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary All formulas should begin with what? Features Summary An equal (=) sign

26. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-26 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Write Formulas with FunctionsWrite Formulas with Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary How can you copy a formula to adjacent cells? Features Summary Using fill handle, drag through cells you want to contain the formula OR Select the formula, click Copy, select target cells, click Paste

27. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-27 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Write Formulas with FunctionsWrite Formulas with Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary How do you display the Insert Function dialog box? Features Summary Click Formulas tab, Insert Function

28. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-28 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Financial FunctionsFinancial Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary Which function would you use to calculate the average of a range of cells? Features Summary AVERAGE function

29. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-29 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Write Formulas with FunctionsWrite Formulas with Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary Which function would you use to calculate the monthly payment for a loan? Features Summary PMT function

30. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-30 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Write Formulas with FunctionsWrite Formulas with Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary How can you show the formulas instead of the result of the formulas? Features Summary Press Ctrl + ` (accent grave)

31. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-31 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Financial FunctionsFinancial Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary How do you create an absolute cell reference? Features Summary Type $ in front of the cell row and /or column Examples: $D$2, $E3, $G$5:$G$8, H$2 OR Position the insertion point in the cell after the relative cell reference; press the F4 key repetitively

32. Copyright 2007, Paradigm Publishing Inc. EXCEL 2007 Chapter 2 BACKNEXTEND 2-32 LINKS TO OBJECTIVES Mathematical OperatorsMathematical Operators Formula Bar Copy a Formula Insert Function FeatureInsert Function Feature Financial FunctionsFinancial Functions Absolute and Mixed Cell ReferencesAbsolute and Mixed Cell References Features SummaryFeatures Summary Coming Next FORMATTING AN EXCEL WORKSHEET