1. Research-Based Strategies for Increasing Student Achievement From Classroom Instruction that Works by R. Marzano, D. Pickering, J. Pollock Created by The School District of Lee County, CSDC in conjunction with Cindy Harrison, Adams 12 Five Star Schools Summarizing & Note Taking

2. Participant Outcomes Participants will: Understand the purpose and importance of summarizing and note taking Identify ways to implement summarizing and note taking in the classroom Review examples of summarizing and note taking activities

4. Summarizing Discussion question: How do you currently teach students in your classroom to summarize information to enhance student learning?

5. Generalizations based on research: 1.Students must delete, substitute, and keep some information when summarizing. 2.Deep analysis is needed in order to do #1. 3.Must be aware of explicit structure of information. Research and Theory about Summarizing

6. Generalization #1: Students must delete, substitute, and keep some information when summarizing. Condensing information Looking for patterns Distilling (extracting) and synthesizing information Modeling by teachers

7. Research and Theory about Summarizing Generalization #2: To effectively delete, substitute, and keep information, students must analyze the information at a fairly deep level. Seems simple but requires analyzing content Students need practice to be good at analyzing information Generalization #3: Must be aware of explicit structure of information. Most artists present information with an explicit structure or pattern. The more students understand these structures, the better they are able to summarize information.

8. Recommendations for Classroom Practice on Summarizing a.Teach the “Rule-Based” Strategy –Follows a set of rules that produce a summary

9. Recommendations for Classroom Practice on Summarizing

10. “Rule Based Strategy” for Summarizing Applied to Reading Art Content Delete less important details Delete redundant information Substitute general for specific Select or create topic sentence

11. “Rule Based Strategy” for Summarizing Applied to Sketching Delete less important details begin with contours and shapes Delete redundant info Omit repeated details Substitute general for specific Basic lines and values Select or create topic sentence Emphasize subject

12. Recommendations for Classroom Practice on Summarizing b.Use Summary Frames –Choose frame to match information type –6 different types of frames Narrative Topic-restriction-illustration Definition Argumentation Problem/solution Conversation

13. Narrative Frame A “Narrative Frame” is found in fiction and in Narrative Art. It contains: Characters – Who Setting – Where Initiating event – Starts action Internal response – Reaction to event Goal – What they decide to do Consequence – How they meet the goal Resolution – How it turns out

14. Narrative Frame Art Example Steps of Narrative Frame 1. Characters – who are they? 2. Setting – where does it take place? 3. Initiating event – what happened at the beginning? 4. Internal response – What happens as a reaction to the event? 5. Goal – What do the characters decide to do? 6. Consequence – What happens because of their decision? 7. Resolution –How does it end? Read the myth of Daphne and Apollo. Use the steps of Narrative Frame to interpret and analyze this sculpture by Bernini.

15. Topic – Restriction – Illustration TRI Frame A “Topic – Restriction – Illustration” Frame is found in expository materials and includes: Topic – General statement Restriction – Limits the information Illustrations – Exemplifies the topic

16. TRI Frame Art Example Topic: What is the meaning of “Post Impressionism”? Post Impressionism is the movement after Impressionism which explored elements of art, composition and mood. Restriction: How does it differ from other artistic periods? Elements of Art (color texture) were emphasized, and artists were concerned with more than just the effects of light. Illustrations: Cezanne, Seurat, van Gogh

17. Definition Frame A “Definition Frame” describes a particular concept and related concepts: Term- Word to be defined Set – General category it is in Gross Characteristics – How it differs Minute – What are sub classes?

18. Definition Frame Art Example Use “Definition Frame” to describe the concept of Balance: Term- Balance Set – Principle of Design Gross Characteristics – Visual weight and arrangement of elements. Minute – Symmetry, Asymmetry and Radial

19. Argumentation Frame An “Argumentation Frame” contains information to support a claim. Evidence – What info leads to a claim? Claim – Asserts that something is true Support – Examples that support claim Qualifiers - Restrictions

20. Argumentation Frame Art Example Evidence – Historically, artists have used their art as propaganda to persuade people toward a political perspective Claim – Goya was a political artist Support – Examples: The Third of May 1808, Saturn Devouring his Children, The Disasters of War etchings Qualifiers – Other artists (Picasso, Daumier, Chicago) also created political art.

21. The Problem/Solution Frame A “Problem/Solution Frame” identifies a problem and generates solutions. What is the problem? What is one solution? What is another solution? Which is the best?

22. Problem/Solution Frame Art Example What is the problem? How to draw a portrait to sell What is one solution? Realism What is another solution? Abstract What is another solution? Cubism Which will I choose and why? Realism, because it is more likely to sell

23. Conversation Frame A “Conversation Frame” is a verbal interchange between two or more people, Greeting – Conversation opener Inquiry – General information Discussion – Elaboration (Assertions, Requests, Promises. Demands, Threats, Congratulations) Conclusion – Conversation ending

24. Conversation Frame Art Example Greeting – Conversation opener Inquiry – General information Discussion – Elaboration (Assertions, Requests, Promises. Demands, Threats, Congratulations) Conclusion – Conversation ending

25. Recommendations for Classroom Practice on Summarizing c.Teach Students Reciprocal Teaching –4 step process 1.Summarizing 2.Questioning 3.Clarifying 4.Predicting

26. Reciprocal Teaching Summarizing - What happened? Questions - What did you like/dislike and why? What questions did you have when you read? Clarifying - What words did you not understand? Predicting - What do you think will happen next?

27. Note Taking Discussion statement: It is appropriate for the teacher to provide students with a complete set of notes on a topic. Do you… Strongly Agree AgreeDisagreeStrongly Disagree

28. Generalizations based on research: 1.Verbatim note taking is least effective. 2.Should be a work in progress. 3.Should be used as study guides for tests. 4.The more notes taken, the better. Research and Theory about Note Taking

29. Generalization #1: Verbatim note taking is least effective. Not engaged in synthesis Only recording, not analyzing Generalization #2: Should be a work in progress. Continually add to notes Revise notes Time to review notes

30. Research and Theory about Note Taking Generalization #3: Should be used as study guides for tests. If well done, powerful study guide Generalization #4: The more notes taken, the better. Strong correlation between amount of notes and achievement on exams

31. Recommendations for Classroom Practice on Note Taking a.Give Teacher-Prepared Notes Sketchbook Assignment – Use Emphasis in a Drawing Teacher Prepared Notes GraphicQuestions i. The Basics - Emphasis A. Makes something stand out B. Creates a focal point (draw illustration here)How can I use Emphasis to make my composition more visually interesting? ii. Characteristics A.Contrast B.Focal Point C.Dominance (draw illustration here)How can I use the Elements of Art to create Emphasis?

32. Recommendations for Classroom Practice on Note Taking b.Teach Multiple Formats (Students select which format works for them) Informal Outline (verbal organization) Web (visual organization) Combination Notes (both)

33. Recommendations for Classroom Practice on Note Taking c.Use Combination Notes Uses 3 parts: 1.Informal outlining 2.Graphic representation 3.Summary

34. Combination Notes Regular notesSymbol, picture or graphic Summary

35. Combination Notes Notes (Verbal) Graphic (Visual) Shapes and Forms Shape is 2-dimensional, flat, SHAPES lacks volume, describes area, length and width, may be organic or geometric. Form is 3-dimensional, has volume, occupies an FORMS area, has length, Width and Depth, May be Organic or Geometric. An illusion of depth is created In 2D art. Summary: Shape and Form are both enclosed spaces, but Shape is flat and Form has volume.

36. Using a whip What have you learned about summarizing and note taking?

37. What thoughts, questions, challenges, or ideas do you have?