1. { U.S HISTORY Standard 1 review

2. Virginia South Carolina Pennsylvania New York Massachusetts Rhode Island Standard 1.1

3. New England Middle Southern

4. NEW ENGLAND Key Colonies MA, CT,RI, Key FiguresMerchants Economic Activity Ship building, fishing and trade ReligionPuritans Reason for settling Harbors Comparing and Contrasting the 13 Colonies

5. MIDDLE Key ColoniesNY, Penn, Maryland, DE Key FiguresFarmers Economic Activity Wheat, potato crops ReligionCatholic, Quaker, Protestant Reason for settling Long growing season Comparing and Contrasting the 13 Colonies

6. SOUTHERN Key ColoniesSC, NC, VA Key FiguresPlantation owners Economic Activity Tobacco and rice plantations ReligionAnglicans Reason for settling Longest growing season Comparing and Contrasting the 13 Colonies

7. Rule of LawMagna CartaEnglish Bill of Rights Nobody is above the law Limited power of the king Rights the gov’t can’t take away Standard 1.2 British Influence on the Colonies Examples of Representative Government in the Colonies Mayflower CompactHouse of BurgessTown Meetings

8. British Influence on the Colonies The British policy of salutary neglect left the colonies to govern themselves. British Policy changed after the French and Indian War; Parliament expected the colonies to help pay the war debt and started taxing the colonies.

9. Stamp ActQuartering ActTownshend Acts Tea ActBoston Tea Party Sons of Liberty Boston Massacre BoycottBoston Tea Party Intolerable Acts Lexington & Concord 1 st Continental Congress Road to Revolution

10. SaratogaYorktown Convinced the French to help the U.S.Ended the war Important Battles of the Revolutionary War

11. Standard 1.3 The Declaration stated the principles of equality, the natural rights of life, liberty, property,” the purpose of government to “secure those rights,” and the “right of the people to abolish or overthrow” government when natural rights are not protected by government.

12. The Declaration of Independence influenced the Articles of Confederation by limiting the power of the executive. The Declaration of Independence served as an inspiration for other countries to overthrow corrupt governments that denied the natural rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

13. Standard 1.4 The Articles of Confederation provided for a weak central government. This was evident after farmers revolted during Shays Rebellion in Massachusetts. The government under the Articles was powerless to provide aid and prompted the elite to push for a stronger national government.

14. Articles of Confederation “A Firm League of Friendship U.S. Constitution “A More Perfect Union” Representation1 per statePopulation/Equal TaxationNo right to taxRight to tax Powers of Congress Permission from the stateIn addition to the Articles… Congress could tax Amendmentsunanimous2/3 of Congress + 3/4 of States

15.  May-September, 1787  Philadelphia, Pennsylvania  For what purpose? amend the Articles The Constitutional Convention

16. Conflict and Compromise at the Constitutional Convention Virginia PlanTwo-house legislature with membership based on population New Jersey Plan One-house legislature with each state having an equal vote Great (Connecticut) Compromise Two-house Congress. House of Representatives- based on population. Senate—based equal representation 3/5 “Not So Great” Compromise 3/5 of slaves in each state could be counted for population The Constitutional Convention

17.  Federalism—power is divided between the national government and the state governments  Ordered government Shays Rebellion (1786) Shays Rebellion (1786)  Representative government (republicanism) Delegated PowersConcurrent PowersReserved Powers Powers belonging to the national government Shared powers between the national and state governments Powers belonging to the states; they are NOT listed in the Constitution Standard 1.5 Principles of the Constitution Constitutional (federal) Government

18. Legislative Branch Executive Branch Judicial Branch Checks on executive: override a presidential veto Checks legislative: veto bills of Congress Checks executive: declare actions unconstitutional Checks judicial: establish lower federal court Checks judicial: appoints federal judges Checks legislative: declare laws unconstitutional In addition to separation of powers, the Framers proposed a system of checks and balances in order to make sure that the members of one branch of government did not become too powerful or corrupt. Examples: Veto, Treaty Ratification, Judicial Nomination and Confirmation Separation of Powers

19. Purpose of the Bill of Rights? List of rights that cannot be denied

20. Secretary of the Treasury Secretary of WarAttorney GeneralSecretary of State HamiltonKnoxRandolfJefferson Standard 1.6 Washington’s First Cabinet

21. Alexander HamiltonLeadersJefferson Strong central gov’t FederalismWeak central gov’t Loose constructionists Expand the powers of national government Constitution Strict constructionists Restrict the powers of the national government Pro-trade with Britain Pro merchant Economy Pro-trade with French Pro agriculture ProNational BankAnti ProProtective TariffAnti NorthSupportersSouth The First Two-Party System FEDERALISTS DEMOCRATICREPUBLICANS

22. Before leaving office, John Adams appointed several Supreme Court judges, who would serve life terms and be able to undermine Jefferson’s Republican administration from the bench. These included John Marshall who Adams appointed as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Standard 1.7 The Adams Administration

23. Marbury v. Madison established the principle of judicial review, which says that the Supreme Court has the authority to interpret the Constitution. This differed from Thomas Jefferson’s belief that Congress should interpret the Constitution The Power of the Supreme Court