1. American Independence Background and Basics

2. Declaration of …Rights(Virginia) June 12, 1776 *people have the right to abolish an abusive government …Independence Continental Congress in Philadelphia, PA July 4, 1776 I.Right to abolish gov’t II.Complaints- George III III.Dec. of Independence

3. French and Indian War French and Indian War (1754-1763)

4. French v. British over colonial claims

5. French and Indian War French and Indian War (1754-1763)

6. Road to Revolution NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION

7. George III

8. Revolutionary War 1775- Lexington and Concord 1776- Declaration of Independence 1782- British surrender at Yorktown 1781- Articles of Confederation 1783- Treaty of Paris – Colonists win Independence and all land east of the Mississippi

9. Articles of Confederation (1781-1788) Articles of Confederation (1781-1788) “a league of friendship” Structure Legislative Branch One Vote per state Amendments- unanimous Weaknesses No executive No court system No power to tax

10. Preamble- “We The People…” Purposes of the Constitution More Perfect Union Establish Justice Domestic Tranquility Common Defense General Welfare Blessings of Liberty

11. James Madison

12. Compromises of The Convention James Madison- Father of the Constitution – Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise) – 3/5 Compromise – Commerce Compromise

16. The Great Compromise Virginia Plan – Supported by populous states – Bicameral legislature – Representation based on population in both houses New Jersey Plan – Supported by less populous states – Unicameral legislature – Equal representation One vote per state COMPROMISE Bicameral Legislature House of Representatives- based on population Senate- 2 representatives per state

17. Compromises of The Convention James Madison- Father of the Constitution – Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise) – 3/5 Compromise- slaves count as 3/5 person for representation purposes – Commerce Compromise

18. Compromises of The Convention James Madison- Father of the Constitution – Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise) – 3/5 Compromise- slaves count as 3/5 person for representation purposes – Commerce Compromise National Government has sole power over interstate/international trade and the printing of money Cannot tax exports Cannot abolish the slave trade for 20 years

19. Ratification- requires 9 of 13 States September 17, 1787: The Constitutional Convention adjourns. September 28, 1787: The Congress agrees to send the Constitution to the states for debate and ratification. December 7, 1787: Delaware ratifies. Vote: 30 for, 0 against.Delaware December 12, 1787: Pennsylvania ratifies. Vote: 46 for, 23 against.Pennsylvania December 18, 1787: New Jersey ratifies. Vote: 38 for, 0 against.New Jersey January 2, 1788: Georgia ratifies. Vote: 26 for, 0 against.Georgia January 9, 1788: Connecticut ratifies. Vote: 128 for, 40 against.Connecticut February 6, 1788: Massachusetts ratifies. Vote: 187 for, 168 against.Massachusetts March 24, 1788: Rhode Island popular referendum rejects. Vote: 237 for, 2708 against. April 28, 1788: Maryland ratifies. Vote: 63 for, 11 against.Maryland May 23, 1788: South Carolina ratifies. Vote: 149 for, 73 against.South Carolina June 21, 1788: New Hampshire ratifies. Vote: 57 for, 47 against. Minimum requirement for ratification met.New Hampshire June 25, 1788: Virginia ratifies. Vote: 89 for, 79 against.Virginia July 26, 1788: New York ratifies. Vote: 30 for, 27 against.New York August 2, 1788: North Carolina convention adjourns without ratifying by a vote of 185 in favor of adjournment, 84 opposed. November 21, 1789: North Carolina ratifies. Vote: 194 for, 77 against.North Carolina May 29, 1790: Rhode Island ratifies. Vote: 34 for, 32 against.Rhode Island

20. December 7, 1787: Delaware ratifies. Vote: 30 for, 0 against.Delaware December 12, 1787: Pennsylvania ratifies. Vote: 46 for, 23 against.Pennsylvania December 18, 1787: New Jersey ratifies. Vote: 38 for, 0 against.New Jersey January 2, 1788: Georgia ratifies. Vote: 26 for, 0 against.Georgia January 9, 1788: Connecticut ratifies. Vote: 128 for, 40 against.Connecticut February 6, 1788: Massachusetts ratifies. Vote: 187 for, 168Massachusetts April 28, 1788: Maryland ratifies. Vote: 63 for, 11 against.Maryland May 23, 1788: South Carolina ratifies. Vote: 149 for, 73 against.South Carolina June 21, 1788: New Hampshire ratifies. Vote: 57 for, 47 against.New Hampshire June 25, 1788: Virginia ratifies. Vote: 89 for, 79 against.Virginia July 26, 1788: New York ratifies. Vote: 30 for, 27 against.New York November 21, 1789: North Carolina ratifies. Vote: 194 for, 77North Carolina May 29, 1790: Rhode Island ratifies. Vote: 34 for, 32 against.Rhode Island

21. Ratification Debate Federalists – Supported Constitution – Federalist Papers 85 Essays Alexander Hamilton Antifederalists – Opposed Constitution Lack of Bill of Rights Central Gov’t Too Strong States Couldn’t Print $$$ – Patrick Henry “I smell a rat”