1. Separation from England Colonies : Each colony was established through a charter. Colonies : Each colony was established through a charter. Legislative: A group of people chosen to make laws. Legislative: A group of people chosen to make laws. Charter: a document giving permission to create a government. Charter: a document giving permission to create a government. Greater Religious Freedom: Left England because they disagreed with the church of England. Greater Religious Freedom: Left England because they disagreed with the church of England.

2. Tyranny : The abuse of power. Colonist felt that England was going to strip them of all of their rights. Tyranny : The abuse of power. Colonist felt that England was going to strip them of all of their rights. “Common Sense” by Thomas Paine: A pamphlet that made people believe in the patriot cause. He said it was impossible to have go 3-4 thousand miles back to England to get permission to get a problem solved. “Common Sense” by Thomas Paine: A pamphlet that made people believe in the patriot cause. He said it was impossible to have go 3-4 thousand miles back to England to get permission to get a problem solved.

3. Declaration of Independence (1776): A committee made up of Thomas Jefferson, Ben Franklin and John Adams was named to write the Declaration. Thomas Jefferson did the actual writing. Declaration of Independence (1776): A committee made up of Thomas Jefferson, Ben Franklin and John Adams was named to write the Declaration. Thomas Jefferson did the actual writing. Unalienable Rights: the 3 things in the Declaration of Independence that all men should have: Unalienable Rights: the 3 things in the Declaration of Independence that all men should have: Life Life Liberty Liberty Pursuit of Happiness Pursuit of Happiness

4. Grievances: Jefferson listed all the different ways England had ignored the colonies. They said this was proof that England was trying to rule with “absolute tyranny” The Declaration of Independence was adopted on July 4, 1776 in Philadelphia Pennsylvania.

5. A New Nation American Revolution (1776 – 1781) American Revolution (1776 – 1781) Articles of Confederation: a plan for the colonies to have an alliance with each other. Each state would get a vote for national legislation. This would be congress. The congress was given duties such as: declare war, make treaties and work out trade agreements. They could not enforce taxes or laws. Articles of Confederation: a plan for the colonies to have an alliance with each other. Each state would get a vote for national legislation. This would be congress. The congress was given duties such as: declare war, make treaties and work out trade agreements. They could not enforce taxes or laws.

6. Creating a Republic Types of government: Types of government: Monarchy: A form of Government in which all or most of the power is in the hands of one person, like a King or Queen. Monarchy: A form of Government in which all or most of the power is in the hands of one person, like a King or Queen. dictatorship: A government controlled by one person who uses force. dictatorship: A government controlled by one person who uses force. Republic Republic Constitutional Convention 1787 Constitutional Convention 1787 George Washington elected as leader. George Washington elected as leader.

7. ISSUES. ISSUES. Preventing Strong Central Government Preventing Strong Central Government Balancing state power Balancing state power Madison Plan: James Madison wanted a strong national government. With 3 branches. His plan was known as the Virginia Plan. Slave owning states were afraid a strong national government would try to regulate slavery. Madison Plan: James Madison wanted a strong national government. With 3 branches. His plan was known as the Virginia Plan. Slave owning states were afraid a strong national government would try to regulate slavery.

8. Eventually the delegates compromised because they knew they needed a government. They agreed that the government could regulate trade but could NOT interfere with slave trade until 1808. One major issue was how each state would be represented. The delegates were divided on 2 plans.

9. The 2 plans were known as The Virginia and New Jersey plans. The Virginia Plan: 2 house legislature; representation based on population. The New Jersey Plan: 1 house legislature; representation equal for all states.

10. Compromise of the Virginia and New Jersey plans: The Great Compromise or The Sherman Plan: 2 house legislature; House of representatives, (Congress) elected on basis of population and, 2 senators for each state regardless of population. This type of government is known as Bicameral.

11. The Purpose of Government Preamble: 1.To form a more perfect union 2.Establish justice 3.Peace in the U.S. 4.Provide protection from others 5.Promote the General Welfare 6.Protect liberty for future generations

12. The Constitution Article I: The Legislative Branch Article I: The Legislative Branch Balances state power Balances state power Is made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives Is made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives Article II: The Executive Branch Article II: The Executive Branch Authority based on election Authority based on election Limited power Limited power The President The President Article III: The Judicial Branch Article III: The Judicial Branch Supreme Court Supreme Court

13. The Constitution Article IV: The States Article IV: The States Federalism: The division of powers between the states and the federal or national government. Federalism: The division of powers between the states and the federal or national government. Concurrent Powers: Powers shared by the federal and state governments Concurrent Powers: Powers shared by the federal and state governments

14. Article V: Amending the Constitution An amendment or change to the Constitution must be Proposed by 2/3 of Congress or States An amendment or change to the Constitution must be Proposed by 2/3 of Congress or States The amendment must be then Ratified(voted for) by ¾ of the States The amendment must be then Ratified(voted for) by ¾ of the States Article VI: Supremacy Clause: The clause makes the Constitution “The Supreme Law of the Land” which means it means more than the state laws. Article VI: Supremacy Clause: The clause makes the Constitution “The Supreme Law of the Land” which means it means more than the state laws. Article VII: Ratification Article VII: Ratification

15. Article VII: Ratification Ratify: means to approve Ratify: means to approve 9 States were required for majority, but all 13 State’s or Colonies had to join 9 States were required for majority, but all 13 State’s or Colonies had to join Federalists: supported approving or ratifying the Constitution because they supported a strong federal government. Federalists: supported approving or ratifying the Constitution because they supported a strong federal government.

16. Federalist Vs. Anti-Federalists Federalist Vs. Anti-Federalists Anti-Federalists: Opposed ratification or agreeing to the Constitution Because they were afraid that a strong central government would take away people’s rights. Anti-Federalists: Opposed ratification or agreeing to the Constitution Because they were afraid that a strong central government would take away people’s rights.

17. Ratification Complete Debate over the Constitution lasted several years Debate over the Constitution lasted several years The Bill of Rights: (The first 10 amendments) These amendments were added to the Constitution to make sure it was ratified or accepted. The Bill of Rights: (The first 10 amendments) These amendments were added to the Constitution to make sure it was ratified or accepted.