2. Communicating Without Words We all communicate nonverbally By analyzing nonverbal cues, we can –enhance our understanding –define relationships

4. Cues and Contexts We communicate nonverbally through our bodies and appearance the environment we create and live in

5. Cues and Contexts Nonverbal communication  Perpetual  Frequently involuntary Verbal and nonverbal messages  Clear messages  Mixed messages –words and actions contradiction

6. Aspects of Nonverbal Communication Kinesics – the study of body language Facial Expressions = emotion display

7. Posture and Gestures Posture sends messages: Content and confident? Angry and belligerent? Worried and discouraged? Flight or Fight The way you feel about those with whom you are communicating Gestures sends messages: Movements of arms, legs, hands, and feet send messages about us Gestures do not have universal meanings

8. Functions of Nonverbal Communication Message Reinforcement “I love you” & kisses Message Negation “We need to spend less time together” & moving closer Message Substitution Pointing/gestures/ “OK” sign Message Accentuation “I’m so angry!” & pulling on hair Message Regulation eye contact/posture/gestures Signals flow of conversation

9. Clothing and Artifacts Artifactual communication – the use of personal adornments Extremely important in creating a first impression Dress and chosen images should change as our roles change Sometimes the basis for judgments regarding success, character, dominance, and competence

10. Paralanguage Paralanguage – vocal cues that accompany language Pitch Habitual pitch Volume Rate Pauses Nonfluencies Silence

11. Confused Communication Speech Fillers/NonfluenciesSpeech Fillers/Nonfluencies – confuse the listener, with the message becoming garbled –anything that interrupts the message and can include: –UM –UH –Like –OKAY –You Know –So then –Now…

12. Space and Distance Distances Intimate: 0-18 inches Personal: 18 inches to 4 ft. Social: 4 to 12 ft. Public: 12 ft. to limit of sight Spaces Informal: highly mobile and can be quickly changed Semifixed-feature: the use of objects to create distance Fixed-feature: relatively permanent objects to define the environment around us

13. Territoriality and Personal Space Territoriality – the need to demonstrate a possessive or ownership relationship to space Markers – used to establish territory or reserve one’s space

14. Colors Color affects us emotionally and physiologically Some of the emotions colors can trigger: Excitement Warmth Passion and sensuality Happiness Relaxation Persuasion

15. Chronemics Using time to communicate The meaning of time differs around the world “Time talks” Last minute invitations Habitual tardiness Leaving early Allocation of certain activities to appropriate times Structure time differently

16. Haptics Haptics – the study of the use of touch Culturally conditioned Correlates positively with openness, comfort with relationships Can reflect status Valued differently by different cultures

17. Gender and Nonverbal Behavior Visual Dominance – measured by comparing the percentage of looking while speaking with the percentage of looking while listening Men – higher levels of looking while speaking Women – higher levels of looking while listening

18. Gendered Communication

19. Diversity and Nonverbal Behavior Contact cultures vs. Low-contact cultures Different cultures may express emotion or intimacy in different ways Cultural background also affects their use of touch and personal space Identical nonverbal cues may still convey different meanings in different cultures

20. Speaking With Style Speech Delivery: –Verbal communication –Non-Verbal Communication –Visuals: Types Design How to Use

21. Speaking With Style Speech Delivery: how you say what you say… –Verbal –Nonverbal

22. Speaking With Style Verbal communication –Choice of words Jargon Slang –Grammar –Enunciation –Speech Fillers –Vocal variety (pitch/volume) –Speedy speakers

23. Speaking With Style Non verbal Communication –What are you doing with your body????? Body language speaks volumes –Posture –Hand gestures –Facial expressions –Eye contact –Dress/appearance –Body movement/use

24. Speaking With Style Non verbal Communication –What are you doing with your body????? NO TOUCHING YOUR BODY No fig leaf stance No tapping fingers/toes Don’t clutch podium

25. Speaking With Style Non verbal Communication –Eyes Full Audience, NOT –…out the window –…on the floor –..on a spot on the wall –…on your nails… Note cards –Loss of eye contact minimal –Hands Emphasis your points Visual Aid use

26. Speaking With Style Visuals: Charts Models Objects Electronic Media –Power Point Presentation –HTML –DVD/Video –Pictures (scanned/Internet) Drawings

27. Speaking With Style Preparing/Designing Visuals: Size –Can everyone see it? Photo Object Lettering style/size –Power Point Presentation Size 24 Font Minimum Slide design KISS: Keep It Simple…Simon

28. Speaking With Style Preparing/Designing Visuals: Use –Support/clarify topic –make “visual” your topic –Fluid use should support speech not the centerpiece Look/talk to audience, not visual –Turn off/cover when not in use –DO NOT PASS VISUAL AROUND THE ROOM

29. Speaking With Style Professional style is key –NO HAND PRINTED POSTERS –NO LAST MINUTE, HURRY UP AND GET IT DONE OBJECTS/MATERIALS

30. Expectations for Speech Makers Society has grown accustomed to high-quality speeches Characteristics of good speakers: Have insight Know their audience Believe what they are doing is important Always practice Think of the speech as a performance Make a critique or post-presentation analysis of the speech

31. Systematic Speaking Process

32. end of presentation