1. Review for Articles of Confederation to Constitution

2. List weaknesses of the Articles of confederation.
Each state had only one vote.
Small Rhode Island had as much power as large Virginia.
Laws required 9 of the 13 states to agree.
No President or executive. No bossman
No Courts
Power over money not given to Congress.
No ability to levy taxes on imports.
Any 1 of the 13 states could ignore a treaty written by the new govt.
States coined their own money
National money was worthless

3. What does the saying “worthless as a constitutional dollar” mean?
Each state able to create its own money and value along w/ the Continental money.
“not worth a Continental.”

4. Who was Daniel Shay? Farmer Veteran of the Revolutionary War
Suffering in the Depression

5. What 2 conditions of his time was Daniel Shay rebelling against?
Foreclosure of homes by banks/courts in the depression
Non-payment of wages to revolutionary War vets
Non-representation in congress

6. What happened during Shay’s Rebellion?
leads disgruntled farmers and former vets in a rebellion against the Massachusetts Courts.
Occupy the courthouse for 3 days.

7. Who put down Shay’s Rebellion?
Massachusetts Militia

8. How did Daniel Shay’s rebellion end?
Veterans disbanded and government either pardoned or did not got after the ringleaders

9. How did Daniel Shays’ Rebellion led to a call for a stronger central government?
People see that the nation is in need of a stronger government or people like Shay may take it down

10. What did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 make provision for?
How to control, How to settle, How to govern, and How to handle Indians in the west of the Appalachian Mountains territories

11. What was the main argument used by the Anti-Federalists against ratifying the new Constitution?
There was nothing guaranteeing the rights of American citizens

12. What was the advantage of the Land Ordinance of 1785?
Continental Congress agreed that all the new western states would be admitted on equal terms as the original 13 thereby stopping what could have been a great cause of conflict

13. What amendment of the Bill to the Bill of Rights confirms the principle of Federalism?
10th Amendment- Powers not delegated to the United States government are reserved to the states.

14. Why did the land west of the Appalachians give the new government so many problems?
Many Pioneers moved out west at the end of the Revolution and there were no rules on how to control them, the Indians, the land .

15. What Ordinance settled the western land problems after the Revolutionary war?
Land Ordinance of 1785

16. What is a depression?
Sharp decline in business activity and jobs.

17. How are states added to the union?
By the Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Ruled by a governor and 3 judges appointed by Congress. (Territory Status)
Population reached 5,000 free, voting age males- legislature could be elected and a non-voting delegate could be sent to Congress.
Population reached 60,000 free inhabitants, people could draft a constitution and apply for statehood.

18. List the 2 groups who did not receive the freedoms guaranteed in the Declaration of Independence
Women
Slaves

19. What was the states’ argument against strong central governments after the Revolution?
We do not want any strong centralized government such as the British used to abuse us.

20. The Second Continental Congress was the American government during what period?
American revolution

21. The Virginia Plan favors who? The New Jersey plan favors who?
VA favors large states
NJ favors small states

22. What amendment states that one must have a search warrant to search a citizen’s house?
Fourth

23. What amendment states that you have a Right to a jury trial?

24. What amendment states that you have a Right to keep arms

25. What amendment states that you are not required to give housing to troops?
3rd

26. The New Jersey Plan wanted what kind of Congress?
One-house legislature.
Each state would have equal # of representatives.
One state- one vote.

27. The Great Compromise wanted what kind of Congress?
Two houses of Congress.
Senate- each state gets 2 Senators.
House of Representative- # determined by the population of the state.
All “money” bills must come from the House.

28. 3/5th Compromise stated what?
Slaves would be counted as 3/5th of a person for both representation and taxation.

29. How long does the chief executive serve?
Serve for 4 year terms with unlimited reelection until FDR dies and then it is changed to only 2- 4 year terms

30. Once the Constitution had been written, what had to be done with it?
Ratification

31. What would it take to make the Constitution, “the supreme law of the land”?
9 states votes

32. Federalists Favored what?
A strong central government and Constitution

33. Anti-Federalists Opposed what?
A strong central government and the Constitution

34. Name the 4 things wrong with the Constitution as the Anti-Federalists saw it.
No guarantee of rights
Not enough freedom for slaves.
Surrendering too much power.
Not enough voter control.

35. The Federalist Papers; What are they?
Series of brilliant essays defending the Constitution.

36. Who wrote the Federalist Papers?
Written by
Alexander Hamilton
James Madison
John Jay

37. What is the Separation of powers?
Each branch of government is separated by function

38. What are checks and balances?
Each branch of government is given certain powers that can restrain or “place a check” on another branch of government to create a balance.

39. List and describe the function of the 3 branches of government
Judicial- determines the constitutionality of Law
Legislative-makes the laws
Executive-carries out the laws

40. Name 3 Delegated powers Power to tax. Power to regulate commerce.
Power to raise an army.

41. Name 3 Reserved powers
Control over roads, marriages, public education.

42. Ratification means what?
Approval

43. Why was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution?
In order to get the Anti-federalists to ratify or vote for the Constitution

44. What is a Constitutional amendment?
2/3rds of both houses of Congress or 2/3rds of the States may propose an Amendment to the Constitution.
3/4ths of the States must ratify the Amendment.

45. Name 3 Shared powers
Taxes
Police force
Courts

46. What was the role of Alexander Hamilton in the making of the Constitution?
Proposed it, wrote in the Federalist Papers, argued it brilliantly, was adamant about his position

47. What was the role of James Madison in the making of the Constitution?
Father of the Constitution
Came to the Congressional Congress with his idea for a Constitution already in place

48. Who was the Constitution developed by and where?
55 delegates, mainly educated, veterns of the War and farmers with medium to large size spreads
in Philadelphia because the Articles of Confederation did not work and had led to Shay’s rebellion

49. What was the goal of the Constitutional Convention?
A Republican form of government
Power rests in the voters who elect representatives to run the government.

50. What is limited government?
Power does not reside in only one part or person or branch of a government
Power is shared among the branches of a government

51. How was the issue of slavery settled at the Constitutional Convention?
States may continue to import slaves until 1808, but after that, they must decide how to handle the issue.

52. What is the protector of citizen’s rights in America?
The Bill of Rights

53. Why is the American Constitution one of the most enduring documents in the Western World?
Its flexibility due to the ability to add amendments

54. How long is the term that senators serve?
6 year terms

55. How many justices serve on the Supreme Court?9

56. This man said that slavery was, “as repugnant to humanity as it is inconsistent with the Bible and destructive of liberty.”
Patrick Henry

57. Qualifications for President
No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States, at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States

58. Qualifications for Senator
1) each senator must be at least 30 years old, 2) must have been a citizen of the United States for at least the past nine years, and 3) must be (at the time of the election) an inhabitant of the state he or she seeks to represent

59. Speaker of the House
The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives presides over the lower house of Congress, the House of Representatives
House may choose its own Speaker

60. US Federal judge serves how long?
A federal supreme court judge can hold office from the day he becomes elected until the day he dies. Of course he can take a leave

61. Ex post facto
retroactive law- is a law that retroactively changes the legal consequences (or status) of actions committed or relationships that existed prior to the enactment of the law. In reference to criminal law, it may criminalize actions that were legal when committed
Not legal in America as it goes against the rule of law

62. Citizenship- law made by Congress
Live in the U.S. for at least 5 years
legally (or 3 years if married to
and living with a U.S. citizen).
Be present in the U.S. for at least 30
months out of the past 5 years (or
18 months out of the past 3 years if married to and living with a U.S. citizen).
Live within a state or district for at
least 3 months before you apply.

63. Who prints money? The Federal Reserve
The Federal Reserve System, even though it sounds like a government agency (Federal), is a privately owned corporation
It controls the US Bureau of Engraving and Printing

64. habeas corpus
a writ, or legal action, through which a person can seek relief from unlawful detention, or the relief of another person. The writ of habeas corpus protects persons from harming themselves, or from being harmed by the judicial system.

65. THE END