1. Why is it important to learn about male and female anatomy?
Journal # 24
Why is it important to learn about male and female anatomy?

2. Male and Female Anatomy
Students will demonstrate knowledge of human development, social skills, and strategies to encourage healthy relationships and healthy growth and development throughout life.

3. Reproductive System

4. Important Words of Male Anatomy
Sperm
Puberty
Testes
Testosterone
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Scrotum
Seminal vesicles
Prostate
Cowper’s gland
Urethra
Penis
Corpus cavernosum

5. Male Reproductive System

6. 1. Sperm cell produced in the testicles(testes)
Testicles are stored in the scrotum.
Testicles are the male reproductive organ
Testosterone is the male sex hormone
Development of primary sex characteristics
The Scrotum is responsible for protection and regulating temperature. 2 degrees less.
During Ejaculation up to 50 million sperm are released from each testicle.
Ejaculation-- semen forced out of the body.

7. 2. Sperm travels through the seminiferous tubules into the epididymis
Sperm cells mature in the epididymis until they have matured

8. 3. Sperm then travel through the vas deferens.
In the vas deferens the sperm cell join with other fluids from seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and Cowper's gland.
The fluid is know as semen
Purpose of semen- protect in the vagina, aid transport, and nutrients.

9. 4. Semen enters the Urethra only during an erection
When the male becomes sexually aroused the chambers (corpus cavernosum) are filled with extra blood.
The filling of the chambers causes the penis to elongate and become more ridged.
This process is called an erection.

10. Male Reproductive System
A nocturnal dream occurs during deep sleep.
Sometimes while sleeping a male will spontaneously ejaculate.
Again, this is very common and normal for males during adolescences.

11. Male Reproductive Problems
Some noticeable symptoms of the male reproductive system include:
Uncomfortable rash
Sores or lumps
Painful urination
It is important that if a male has anyone of these symptoms that he seek medical help immediately.

12. Male Reproductive Problems
It is important that males get regular medical checkups.
Checkups help men protect themselves from problems.

13. Male Reproductive Problems
Some noticeable symptoms of the male reproductive system include:
Uncomfortable rash
Sores or lumps
Painful urination
It is important that if a male has anyone of these symptoms that he seek medical help immediately.

14. Male Reproductive Problems
1. Jock itch is an infection of the skin by a fungus.
It often occurs when the scrotum and groin skin stays hot a moist.
The symptoms are red, itchy, irritated skin.
Jock it can be prevented by keeping the area clean and dry.
Some over the counter creams or ointments help relieve irritation.

15. Male Reproductive Problems
2. Inguinal hernia is a weakness in the lower abdominal wall that allows a small loop o intestine to bulge through into the scrotum.
It is important that males get regular checkups so that hernias can be detected early.
Surgery is used to correct.

16. Male Reproductive Problems
3. An undescended testicle is a development defect in which the testicle has not dropped into the scrotum.
An undescended testicle can cause damage to the testicle by not allowing it to produce sperm.
Surgery is used to correct.

17. Male Reproductive Problems
4. A urinary tract infection is an infection of the urethra, bladder, ureters, and/or kidneys.
Symptoms include pain and burning during urination.
Sometimes the urine could be bloody.
Medical treatment is required to cure.
Antibiotics are used to treat.

18. Male Reproductive Problems
5. Testicular cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells in the testes.
Testicular usually does not cause pain therefore it is important to get regular check ups and do self exams.
Symptoms include enlargement of the testicle or a pea-sixe lump on the testicle.
Surgery and chemotherapy are used as treatment.
If left untreated, the cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body that can lead to death.

19. Testicular Exam If possible, stand in front of a mirror.
Check for any swelling on the scrotal skin.
Examine each testis with both hands.
Place the index and middle fingers under the testicle with the thumbs placed on top.
Roll the testicle gently between the thumbs and fingers.
You shouldn't feel any pain when doing the exam.

20. Testicular Exam
Don't be alarmed if one testicle seems slightly larger than the other, that's normal.
Find the epididymis, the soft, tube like structure behind the testicle that stores the sperm.
Be careful not to mistake this structure for a suspicious lump.
Cancerous lumps usually are found on the sides of the testicle but can also show up on the front.
Lumps on or attached to the epididymis are not cancerous.

21. Testicular Exam
When conducting a Testicular Exam you are looking for any of the following:
Any enlargement of a testicle
A significant loss of size in one of the testicles
A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum
A dull ache in the lower abdomen or in the groin
A sudden collection of fluid in the scrotum
Pain or discomfort in a testicle or in the scrotum
If you have any of these symptoms; contact your doctor.
Waiting and hoping will not fix anything.
When in doubt, get it checked out!

22. Male Reproductive Problems
6. Testicular torsion occurs when the testicle twists.
This causes the nerves and the blood vessels to pinch which causes swelling and pain.
Testicular torsion usually happens during athletic activity.
Immediate medical care is required to prevent damage to the testicle.

23. Male Reproductive Problems
The urethra runs right through the middle of the prostate.
When the 7. prostate enlarges, it can cause frequent and slow urination.
This usually occurs with age.
There are some medications and surgery that can help.

24. Care for the Male Body Bathe regularly Keep skin clean and dry
Always wear protective gear when playing sports
Get regular check ups and report any pain, swelling, tenderness, or lumps
Do regular testicular exams.
Abstain from sex before marriage to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted disease

25. Male Reproductive System Review
The following is brief review of the male reproductive system.
Sperm and testosterone is produced in the testicles
Sperm is the male sex cell.
Testosterone is the male sex hormone.
Sperm is stored in the epididymis until needed for ejaculation
When a man becomes sexually aroused, the sperm leaves the epididymis into the vas deferens tube.
The sperm passes through the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and Cowper’s gland where fluid is added to protect the sperm.
The combination of the sperm and fluid equals semen.
The semen then travels down the urethra inside the penis.
The semen is then ejaculated or forced out the tip of the penis.

26. J# 25
Why is it important to take care of your bodies including internal and external reproductive organs?

27. Female Anatomy

29. Female Reproductive Anatomy
Ovaries Ovum
Estrogen Progesterone
Ovulation Fallopian tubes
Fertilization Uterus
Endometrium Menstruation
Urethra Vagina

30. 1. Ovum starts in the ovaries
Ovum is the egg
Ovaries are the female reproductive organ
Estrogen and progesterone are the female hormones
Born with 200,000 ova in each ovary. They are called follicles before matured into developed ovum.

31. 2. During Ovulation the ova is released into the fallopian tubes through the Fimbria
The sperm will need to meet the ova in the fallopian tubes for pregnancy to occur.
At this point if sperm are present fertilization occurs

32. Ovulation
This process of releasing an egg into the fallopian tube is called ovulation
Ovulation occurs on average every 28 days
On average it takes 7 days for an ovum to reach the uterus.

33. 3. In the Fallopian Tubes the sperm must meet the egg/ovum in order for fertilization to occur.
Sperm cells are unique in their shape and function.
Sperm cells have a head, midsection, and tail.
The head carries the genetic codes from the dad.
XY for males XX for females
23 from sperm, 23 from egg.
The tail (flagellum) helps move the sperm through fluid.
Sperm can live up to 5 days.

34. 4. The fertilized egg must attach itself to the endometrium
If unfertilized the ovum will not attach anywhere and exit the body.

35. Menstruation
The periodic discharge of blood and mucosal tissue from the inner lining of the uterus through the vagina

36. Menstruation
Age
female uterus sloughing off the inner membrane if no fertilized egg attaches to the endometrium.

38. Menstruation
In order for ovulation to happen, the hormones must change their balance
Sometimes this change in hormone balance can cause women to have a change in behavior, moods, and emotions
This change is called PMS or premenstrual syndrome
But for those who do, their emotions, behaviors, and normal physical functions could change
Some of these changes include moodiness, quick to anger, sadness, and tiredness

40. Cramping
In order for the uterus to release all of the extra blood it must contract or squeeze. This is called cramping.
This is normal but uncomfortable

41. Female Reproductive System
It is important for teen girls to track their period with the use of a calendar
This tracking will help them understand their menstrual cycle and notify them of any changes
Girls should count the number of days from first day of their period to the first day of their next period

43. Female Reproductive Problems
1. PMS
We already discussed earlier in the lesson
If someone thinks they might be having extreme PMS it is important to seek help from a physician
Medications can be given to help balance the release of hormones during menstruation

44. Female Reproductive Problems
2. Urinary Track Infection (UTI)
The symptoms of a UTI include:
Frequent urination
Burning during urination
Fever
Back ache
Antibiotics can be used to cure a UTI but they must be prescribed by a doctor

45. Female Reproductive Problems
3. Vaginitis
This is an infection in the vagina by bacteria, fungi, or protozoa
The symptoms include:
Itching
Odor
Discharge from the vagina
Medical treatment is required to prescribe antibiotics and creams help to cure
Avoiding sexual activity (abstinence) and keeping the genital area dry helps avoid the spread and growth

46. Female Reproductive Problems
4. Endometriosis
The endometrium is the lining of the wall of the uterus
Sometimes during the menstrual cycle the lining (endometrium) will start to grow outside of the uterus in the wrong places of the females body
During her period the endometrium will bleed and cause pain
Hormones can help stop the abnormal growth although surgery might be required
This abnormal growth of the endometrium can lead to sterility (the inability to become pregnant)

47. Female Reproductive Problems
5. Toxic Shock Syndrome
This a bacterial infection of the reproductive system
Symptoms include:
Fever
Chills
Weakness
Rash on the palms of the hands
The main cause of toxic shock happens when females do not change their tampons and maxi pads frequently during their periods
It is important for girls to follow the manufacture directions on how to proper use feminine hygiene products and change them frequently (every 4-6 hours)
Immediate medical care is required for treatment with antibiotics

48. Female Reproductive Problems
6. Cervical, Uterine, & Ovarian Cancer
Cancer is caused by the uncontrolled growth of cells
There may be no outward signs or symptoms of cancer
Because the cervix, uterus, and ovaries are all internal organs, it is important for women to have yearly physical exam
Early detection increases the chances of treatment
Medical treatment is required
Chemotherapy and surgery are used to kill and remove cancer cells

49. Female Reproductive Problems
7. Breast Cancer
Breast are part of the female reproductive system
It is important to perform self breast exams monthly to check for unusual lumps or thickening
If caught early, breast cancer can be treated with greater success

50. Care for the Female Body
Bath or shower daily
Do not wear damp clothing longer than necessary
Have regular doctor check-ups
Report changes such as pain, itching, discharge to parents or doctor
Abstain from sex before marriage
Maintain good hygiene during menstrual periods

51. Cost of pregnancy

52. pregnancy

53. Fetus to adulthood