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SCAFFOLD QUALIFIED PERSON Certified Safety Construction Worker CW203

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1 SCAFFOLD QUALIFIED PERSON Certified Safety Construction Worker CW203
Presented By: Construction Compliance Training Center This material was developed by Compacion Foundation Inc and The Hispanic Contractors Association de Tejas under Susan Harwood Grant Number SH SH0 Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsements by the U.S. Government. 04:2011

2 SCAFFOLD QUALIFIED PERSON
This module will provide the information and the necessary tools that you will need in order to recognize the risks associated with the job, you will learn the procedures to control and minimize risks. You will identify; Definitions Subpart  L-  Scaffolds  Types of Scaffolds Hazards Associated with Scaffolds General Scaffolding  Requirements Specific Requirements Inspections CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person 04:2011

3 SCAFFOLD QUALIFIED PERSON
DEFINITIONS (b) It is defined as any temporary elevated platform (supported or suspended) and its supporting structure (including points of anchorage), used for supporting employees or materials or both. Nota: Nótese que existen tres puntos principales , es elevada, es temporal y se usa para soportar trabajadores , materiales o ambos. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person 04:2011

4 DEFINITIONS (b) A person who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

5 DEFINITIONS (b) A person who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated his/her ability to solve or resolve problems related to the subject matter, the work or the project. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

6 DEFINITIONS (a)(6) Scaffolds erection shall be evaluated, designed and planned by a qualified person and shall be constructed and loaded with that design. Each project has unique conditions and hazards. This person should use the common sense, good judgment and strong rational bases for the evaluation of his/her design. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

7 Standards: Sub-Part L CFR 1926.450 – Scope, applications & definitions
CFR – General Requirements CFR – Additional Specific Requirements CFR Training CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

8 Standards: Sub-Part L Appendixes: Appendix A – Scaffold Specifications
Appendix B – (Reserved) Criteria for determining the feasibility of providing safe access and fall protection for scaffold erectors and dismantlers. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

9 Standards: Sub-Part L Appendixes:
Appendix C – List of national consensus standards Appendix D – List of training topics for scaffold erectors and dismantlers Appendix E – Drawings and illustrations CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

10 SCAFFOLD QUALIFIED PERSON
Suspension Scaffold Supported Scaffold Scaffolding aerial basket Scaffolding System Mobile Scaffolding Towers Los andamios de marco prefabricados son los tipos de andamio de soporte mas usados en la construcción a los andamios de marco se les conoce así por que su estructura consiste de paneles de marco prefabricados que se amarran por medio de crucetas. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person 04:2011

11 Hazards Associated with Scaffolds
Falls to a lower level Collapse of structure Electrical contacts Falls on the same level Falling materials and tools Blows with fixed objects CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

12 Hazards Associated with Scaffolds
Falls to a lower level: Building and removing the scaffolding incorrectly. Going up the structure to reach the level of work. Inadequate fall protection, no safety rails Incomplete Platforms Breakage of the work platform. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

13 Hazards Associated with Scaffolds
Collapse of the structure: The inadequate support surface. Scaffold support of low resistance materials. Mooring to the structure, incomplete or insufficient. Strong winds (plastic covers increases the probability). CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

14 Hazards Associated with Scaffolds
Electrical contacts: Direct or indirect proximity to power lines High or low voltage either air or on the front. Power cables for portable electrical extension cords. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

15 Hazards Associated with Scaffolds
Falls on the same level: Order and cleanliness on the surface of work platforms: Extension cords on the platform. Air lines on the platform Tools on the platform CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

16 Hazards Associated with Scaffolds
Falling materials and tools: Scaffolding collapse. Unprotected work platform (no toe board) Rupture of the work platform. Incomplete Platform CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

17 Hazards Associated with Scaffolds
Blows with fixed objects: Blows to the head, arms, hips and legs. Blows with the same scaffold Blows with fixed structures CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

18 1926.451 General Requirements 1926.451(a)(6)
Designed by a qualified person and constructed and loaded in accordance with that design. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

19 SCAFFOLD QUALIFIED PERSON
General Requirements (b)(1) Fully planked between front upright and guardrail support La tablaja deben ser de manera que no hay espacios más de 1 pulgada entre el tablaje. Ponga cada tablon lo más cerca possible. El espacio entre la termina tabla y el soporte de contrarriel no debe ser más que 9½ pulgadas. Plataformas lindares: Cada lado lindaro esta ponia sobre soporte separada y extremos no posarse el uno al otro CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person 04:2011

20 SCAFFOLD QUALIFIED PERSON
General Requirements (b)(1)(ii) Space between the last plank and the guardrail support no more than 9½” La tablaja deben ser de manera que no hay espacios más de 1 pulgada entre el tablaje. Ponga cada tablon lo más cerca possible. El espacio entre la termina tabla y el soporte de contrarriel no debe ser más que 9½ pulgadas. Plataformas lindares: Cada lado lindaro esta ponia sobre soporte separada y extremos no posarse el uno al otro. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person 04:2011

21 SCAFFOLD QUALIFIED PERSON
General Requirements (b)(6) Planks do not support one another La tablaja deben ser de manera que no hay espacios más de 1 pulgada entre el tablaje. Ponga cada tablon lo más cerca possible. El espacio entre la termina tabla y el soporte de contrarriel no debe ser más que 9½ pulgadas. Plataformas lindares: Cada lado lindaro esta ponia sobre soporte separada y extremos no posarse el uno al otro. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person 04:2011

22 1926.451 General Requirements 1926.451(b)(5)(i)
Each end of a platform 10 feet or less in length shall not extend over its support more than 12 inches (30 cm) unless the platform is designed and installed so that the cantilevered portion of the platform is able to support employees and/or materials without tipping. Cantilevered Portion CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

23 General Requirements (b)(5)(ii) Each platform grater than 10 feet in length shall not extend over its support more than 18 inches (46 cm) unless the platform is designed and installed so that the cantilevered portion of the platform is able to support employees. Cantilevered Portion CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

24 SCAFFOLD QUALIFIED PERSON
General Requirements (b)(6) On scaffolds where scaffolds planks are abutted to create a long platform each abutted end shall rest on separate support surface. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person 04:2011

25 General Requirements (b)(8) On direction changes, any platform on a bearer at other than a right angle shall be laid first, and platforms which rest at right angles over the same bearer laid second. These planks laid first These planks laid on top CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

26 General Requirements (b)(10) Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers shall not be intermixed unless the components fit together without force and the scaffold's structural integrity is maintained by the user. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

27 General Requirements (c)(2) Supported scaffolds poles, legs, frames and uprights shall bear on base plates and mud sills or other adequate firm foundation. Base plate Mud sill CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

28 General Requirements (c)(2)(ii) Unstable objects shall not be used to support scaffolds or platform units. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

29 General Requirements (c)(1) Supported scaffolds with a height to base width ratio of more than four to one (4:1) shall be restrained from tipping by guying, tying, bracing, or equivalent means. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

30 1926.451 General Requirements TOP OF SCAFFOLD PLATFORM
AND UPPERMOST TIE NOT TO EXCEED 4 TO 1 RATIO TIE 26’-0” MAX. BETWEEN INTERMEDIATE TIES 4 TIMES MINIMUM BASE TIE AT CLOSEST FRAME HEADER OR BEARER TIE FIRST TIE CLOSEST FRAME HOLDER OR BEARER ABOVE 4 TIMES THE MINIMUM BASE DIMENSION WIDER 3’-0” MINIMUM BASE DIMENSION

31 1926.451 General Requirements TOP OF SCAFFOLD PLATFORM
AND UPPERMOST TIE NOT TO EXCEED 4 TO 1 RATIO TIE 20’-0” MAX. BETWEEN INTERMEDIATE TIES TIE 4 TIMES MINIMUM BASE TIE AT CLOSEST FRAME HEADER OR BEARER FIRST TIE CLOSEST FRAME HOLDER OR BEARER ABOVE 4 TIMES THE MINIMUM BASE DIMENSION 3’-0” AND NARROWER MINIMUM BASE DIMENSION CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

32 1926.451 General Requirements 1926.451(c)(1)(ii)
Guys, ties, and braces shall be installed at the closest horizontal member to the 4:1 height. Guys, ties and braces shall be installed at the end of the scaffold and at horizontal intervals not to exceed 30 ft. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

33 General Requirements All ties must be of positive type, they should withstand compression and tension. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

34 General Requirements (e)(2) Additional requirements for the proper construction and use of portable ladders are contained in Subpart X CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

35 General Requirements (e)(1) Cross braces shall not be used as a means of access. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

36 1926.451 General Requirements 1926.451(e)(1)
When scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a point of access, portable ladders, hook-on ladders, or other similar shall be used. (e)(8) It is possible to use the stairs of a building and exit for a window when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches horizontally and not more than 24 inches vertically from other surface. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

37 General Requirements (f)(3) Scaffolds and scaffolds components shall be inspected for visible defects by a competent person before each work shift, and after any occurrence which could affect a scaffold's structural integrity. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

38 1926.451 General Requirements 1926.451(f)(4)
Any part of a scaffold damaged or defective equipment shall be removed from service. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

39 General Requirements (f)(6) Scaffolds shall not be erected, used, dismantled, altered, or moved such that they are conductive material handled on them might come closer to exposed and energized power lines, minimum distance 10 feet (3.1 m) CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

40 SCAFFOLD QUALIFIED PERSON
General Requirements (f)(16) Platforms shall not deflect more than 1/60 of the span when loaded. PRUEBAS MECANICAS DE LOS TABLONES DE ANDAMIO El proceso de prueba ha sido simplificado por el siguiente procedimiento. Ejemplo: (a) tablón de 8 pies (b) palmo de 7 pies (c) carga de 50 libras por pie cuadrado (292 libras) Calculo de la carga punta al centro Carga ubicada al centro del tablón 84” de longitud x 10” de ancho =840 pulgadas cuadradas divididas Entre 144 pulgadas cuadradas (1 pie cuadrado)= 5.84 pies cuadrados –multiplicadas Por 50 libras por pie cuadrado = 292 libras (d) deflexión es menor de 1.4 “ Calculo de la deflexión Longitud del tablón en pulgadas dividido entre 60 La OSHA de US L/ Canadá L/80 * ANSI A Longitud / 60 CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person 04:2011

41 SCAFFOLD QUALIFIED PERSON
General Requirements (g)(1) Each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet (3.1 m) above a lower level shall be protected from falling to that lower level. Tambien deben tener cascos todos los empleados que se trabaja de bajo de otros empleados. Si objetos estan estacada mas alto del rodapie o los ladrilleros estan tirando el ladrillo cuando cebran, usan barricades o usan paneles o aniparas (screens) deben ser usada para contener objetos CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person 04:2011

42 SCAFFOLD QUALIFIED PERSON
General Requirements (g)(1)(i) In some scaffolds it is possible to use a personal fall arrest system (PFAS) in lieu of guardrail system. Scaffold erectors and dismantlers may use a personal fall arrest system (PFAS) when is possible. Reference (g) What fall protection will I need when working on scaffolds? Boatswains’ chair, catenary scaffold, float scaffold, needle beam scaffold, ladder jack scaffold – personal fall arrest system. Single-point or two-point adjustable scaffold – personal fall arrest system and a guardrail system. Crawling board (chicken ladder) – personal fall arrest system, a guardrail system or by a three-fourth inch diameter grabline or equivalent handhold securely fastened beside each crawling board. On a walkway within a scaffold – guardrail system installed within 9 ½ inches of and along at least one side of the walkway On a supported scaffold when performing overhand bricklaying operations – personal fall arrest system or guardrail system on all open sides and ends of the scaffold. For all other scaffolds, a personal fall arrest system or a guardrail system CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person 04:2011

43 SCAFFOLD QUALIFIED PERSON
General Requirements (g)(2) Effective September 2, 1997, the employer shall have a competent person determine the feasibility and safety of providing fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds. See appendix B Reference (g) What fall protection will I need when working on scaffolds? Boatswains’ chair, catenary scaffold, float scaffold, needle beam scaffold, ladder jack scaffold – personal fall arrest system. Single-point or two-point adjustable scaffold – personal fall arrest system and a guardrail system. Crawling board (chicken ladder) – personal fall arrest system, a guardrail system or by a three-fourth inch diameter grabline or equivalent handhold securely fastened beside each crawling board. On a walkway within a scaffold – guardrail system installed within 9 ½ inches of and along at least one side of the walkway On a supported scaffold when performing overhand bricklaying operations – personal fall arrest system or guardrail system on all open sides and ends of the scaffold. For all other scaffolds, a personal fall arrest system or a guardrail system CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person 04:2011

44 SCAFFOLD QUALIFIED PERSON
General Requirements (b)(3); (g)(4)(ii); (iv); (h)(2)(ii) Front edge of all platforms: Shall not be more than 14 inches (36 cm) from the face of the work, unless guardrail systems are erected Top edge height of Toprails: 38-45 inches above the platform surface Midrails: At a height midway between the top edge of the guardrail and the platform. Toeboards: At least 3-1/2 inches high Reference (g)(1), (g)(4), (b)(3), and Appendix A, paragraph 1d.   38 inch minimum guardrail height where guardrail is primary fall protection. 36 inch minimum guardrail height where fall arrest systems are primary fall protection. Protect from falling between the top rail and surface, by using midrails, screens or mesh. Protective barriers must be strong enough to support a falling employee. Wood, chain and wire rope may be used for top rails and midrails. Top rails inches tall when using the crossbracing as the top rail When crossbracing is used as a midrail, it must be between 20 and 30 inches above the work platform. Guardrails are not required: • when the front end of all platforms is less than 14 inches from the face of the work • when puntal scaffolds are three inches or less from the front edge • when employees are plastering and lathing 18 inches or less from the front edge CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person 04:2011

45 1926.451 General Requirements 1926.451(h)(1)
Each employee on a scaffold shall be provided with additional protection from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

46 1926.452 Additional Specific Requirements
(c)(5)(iii) Brackets shall be used only to support personnel (c)(1)(iii) Ties, guys, braces, or outriggers shall be used to prevent the tipping of supported scaffolds with an eccentric load CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

47 1926.452 Additional Specific Requirements
Frames and panels shall be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

48 1926.452 Additional Specific Requirements
Where uplift can occur which would displace scaffolds end frames or panels, the frames or panels shall be locked together vertically by pins or equivalent means. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

49 1926.452 Additional Specific Requirements
(c)(5)(iii) Brackets used to support cantilever loads shall: be used only to support personal, unless the scaffold has been designed for other loads by a qualified professional engineer. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

50 1926.452 Additional Specific Requirements
Scaffolds over 125 feet (38.0 m) in height above their base plates shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

51 1926.454 Training Requirements (users)
Recognize the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used; Any electrical hazards, fall hazards and falling object hazards in the area; Erecting, maintaining, and disassembling: The fall protection systems Falling object protection systems being used CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

52 1926.454 Training Requirements (users)
The maximum intended load of the scaffolds used. The load-carrying capacities of the scaffolds used. Any other pertinent requirements of this subpart. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

53 1926.454(b)(1),(2),(3)&(4) The nature of scaffold hazards.
Correct procedures for erecting, moving, disassembling, operating, repairing, inspecting, and maintaining the type of scaffold in question. The design criteria, maximum intended load-carrying capacity and intended use of the scaffold. Any other pertinent requirements of this subpart. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

54 (c)(1),(2)&(3) Where changes at the worksite present a hazard about which an employee has not been previously trained. Where changes in the types of scaffolds, fall protection, or other equipment present a hazard about which an employee has not been previously trained. Where inadequacies in an affected employee's work indicate that the employee has not retained the requisite proficiency. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

55 1926 Subpart L Appendix A Scaffold Specifications
The calculation of the maximum uniform load on the scaffold can be based on three anticipated loads. Light Duty = 25 psf Medium Duty = 50 psf Heavy Duty = 75 psf For a Medium Duty: 5 x 7 = 35 sf 35 sf x 50 psf = 1750 lbs Maximum uniform load CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

56 Intended Load Uniformly
1926 Subpart L Appendix A Scaffold Specifications Rated Capacity Intended Load Uniformly Light Duty 25 Pounds per ft2 Medium Duty 50 Pounds per ft2 Heavy Duty 75 Pounds per ft2 CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

57 SCAFFOLD QUALIFIED PERSON
1926 Subpart L Appendix A Scaffold Specifications Maximum Intended Load Maximum Span Full Thickness Nominal Thickness 25 Pounds/ft2 10 feet 8 feet 50 Pounds/ft2 6 feet 75 Pounds/ft2 Not Allowed VALORES MINIMOS PARA MADERA SOLIDA NOMINAL Tensión flexional (Fb) ,200 PSI Modulo de Elasticidad (E) 1,500 PSI Apéndice (A) (a) Subparte L de las Normas de OSHA (a) (1) Subparte L de las Normas de OSHA Pautas Generales y tablas. Utiliza las siguientes pautas para la prueba de los tablones. PRUEBAS DE CARGA DE LOS TABLONES Longitud Palmo Ligero 25 libras por pie cuadrado Mediano 50 libras por pie cuadrado Pesado 75 libras por pie cuadrado Deflexión 6 pies 5 pies 250 libras 312 libras 1.0” 8 pies 7 pies 292 libras 437 libras 1.4” 10 pies 333 libras 500 libras 1.6 “ 12 pies 416 libras N/A 1.6” CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person 04:2011

58 SCAFFOLD QUALIFIED PERSON
1926 Subpart L Appendix A Scaffold Specifications Southern Pine “DI65 and WCLIB Douglas Fir “Select Structural are common species of scaffold grade lumber. The American Lumber Standards Committee has established associations approved to grade species of lumber. PRUEBAS MECANICAS DE LOS TABLONES DE ANDAMIO El proceso de prueba ha sido simplificado por el siguiente procedimiento. Ejemplo: (a) tablón de 8 pies (b) palmo de 7 pies (c) carga de 50 libras por pie cuadrado (292 libras) Calculo de la carga punta al centro Carga ubicada al centro del tablón 84” de longitud x 10” de ancho =840 pulgadas cuadradas divididas Entre 144 pulgadas cuadradas (1 pie cuadrado)= 5.84 pies cuadrados –multiplicadas Por 50 libras por pie cuadrado = 292 libras (d) deflexión es menor de 1.4 “ Calculo de la deflexión Longitud del tablón en pulgadas dividido entre 60 La OSHA de US L/ Canadá L/80 * ANSI A Longitud / 60 CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person 04:2011

59 1926 Subpart L Appendix A Scaffold Specifications
The load consists of two main components, the weight of the scaffold that is considered dead load and the weight of tools, materials and workers, that is considered live load. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

60 Inspections The scaffold should be carefully inspected before each shift, by a competent person. The scaffold damaged or broken should be removed from service. The tower should be level, plumb and square CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

61 Inspections Do not use equipment that is damaged.
Do not use equipment that is corroded or rusted. Check that the equipment is not bent or twisted. Check all moving parts Check the welds CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

62 Inspections Check the boards for any visible damage (cracks, breaks, separated, etc.). The boards should be of a special grade and meets OSHA standards CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

63 Inspections The capacity of the soil must be inspected and determined by a competent person in accordance with the standards under OSHA (CFR 1926 Subpart P). CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

64 Inspections Inspect Reinforcement:
Frames and panels must be connected by horizontal braces, diagonal, alone or in combination, and which secure vertical members laterally. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

65 Inspections The platform is the working area of the scaffold.
Make sure it is safe! The gap between the platform and the building should not be more than 14“ inches (35 cm). CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

66 Summary WARNING! Serious injury and possible death may be the result of poor construction and improper use of the scaffold. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

67 Summary (f)(7) Scaffolds shall be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered only under the supervision and direction of a competent person qualified in scaffold erection, moving, dismantling or alteration. Such activities shall be performed only by experienced and trained employees selected for such work by the competent person. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

68 Summary The minimum requirements for the personal protective equipment are: helmet, goggles, gloves, equipment, personal fall arrest, and additional equipment required. All tools must be secured with a cord. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

69 Questions? CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person

70 Photos shown in this presentation may depict situations that are not in compliance with applicable OSHA requirements. It is not the intent of the content developers to provide compliance-based training in this presentation, the intent is more to address hazard awareness in the construction industry, and to recognize the overlapping hazards present in many construction workplaces. It should NOT be assumed that the suggestions, comments, or recommendations contained herein constitute a thorough review of the applicable standards, nor should discussion of “issues” or “concerns” be construed as a prioritization of hazards or possible controls. Where opinions (“best practices”) have been expressed, it is important to remember that safety issues in general and construction jobsites specifically will require a great deal of site - or hazard-specificity - a “one size fits all” approach is not recommended, nor will it likely be very effective. It is assumed that individuals using this presentation, or content, to augment their training programs will be “qualified” to do so, and that said presenters will be otherwise prepared to answer questions, solve problems, and discuss issues with their audiences. No representation is made as to the thoroughness of the presentation, nor to the exact methods of recommendation to be taken. It is understood that site conditions vary constantly, and that the developers of this content cannot be held responsible for safety problems they did not address or could not anticipate, nor those which have been discussed herein or during physical presentation. It is the responsibility of each employer contractor and their employees to comply with all pertinent rules and regulations in the jurisdiction in which they work. Copies of all OSHA regulations are available form your local OSHA office. This presentation is intended to discuss Federal Regulations only – your individual State requirements may be more stringent. As a presenter, you should be prepared to discuss all of the potential issues/concerns, or problems inherent in those photos particularly. CW203 Scaffold Qualified Person


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