1. SHIPPING HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
A Training Course in 49CFR
Updated 6/99
Prokopis A. Christou, P.E.

2. Course Objectives
Provides a review of U.S. DOT Hazardous Materials Regulations
Forms part of recurrent training as required by 49CFR

3. Hazardous Materials Regulations
Hazardous materials are regulated in order to:
Prevent accidents, leaks and spills
Help emergency responders
Ensure that HAZMAT employees are aware of the hazards of materials they handle

4. What Are Hazardous Materials?
“HAZARDOUS MATERIALS are any substances or materials, including environmentally hazardous substances, which have been determined to be capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety or property when transported in commerce, and have been so designated.” (171.8)

5. Laws Affect Transportation of Hazardous Materials
Regulations
US DOT Reg. 49 CFR All modes within the USA
ICAO Technical Instructions International air transport
IATA Dangerous Goods Reg Commercial air transport
IMDG Code International sea transport
TDG Regulations Regulations Shipments to/from Canada
Mexican DOT Regs Shipments to/from Mexico

6. The Hazardous Materials Regs
The HMR of the Federal Hazardous Materials Transportation LAW (49 CFR) apply to:
Responsibilities for offering and accepting shipments
Classification of hazardous materials
Packaging standards
Shipping papers
Labels, marks and placards
Emergency response requirements
Training requirements
Registration
Segregation and modal requirements

7. Penalties Civil Penalties Criminal Penalties Injunctive Action
Maximum fines up to $25,000 per day per violation. Updated for inflation
Criminal Penalties
Fines up to $500,000 per day per violation
Up to five years in prison
Injunctive Action
Shipments stopped or seized

8. Enforcement Authorities
Research & Special Programs Admin. (RSPA)
Federal Highway Administrations (FHA)
State DOT /State police
Federal Railway Administration (FRA)
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
U.S. Coast Guard

9. Numbering Sections in 49 CFR
Part Section Paragraph Subparagraph
(b) (1)

10. Structure of HMR Part 171 Definitions Part 172 - Hazard Communication
Part Hazardous Materials Table
Part Classification and Packaging
Part 174, 175, 176 & Modal Variations
Part Standards for Non-Bulk Packaging
Part Standards for Bulk Packaging (tank cars)
Part Continuing qualification/maint.

11. Administrative Requirements
Registration for certain shippers and transporters
Training of HAZMAT employees

12. Training Requirements [172.704]
Train all HAZMAT employees to:
Understand the regulations
Recognize and identify hazardous materials
Know reg. requirements that apply to his/her job
Be aware of relevant emergency response info.
Types of Training: General awareness, function specific, safety
Safety/OSHA/EPA training
Driver training (CDL)

13. Administrative Requirements
The HAZMAT employer must
Train & test employees
Certify & keep records
Training Compliance Dates
New employee - 90 days
Job function changed days
Update every 3 years

14. Six Steps to Compliance
1. Classification - obtain shipping description
2. Packaging - selection and assembly
3. Marking of packages
4. Labeling of packages
5. Shipping papers & emergency response info
6. Placarding & marking of vehicles
For NJ-review Steps 1, 5 and 6

15. Step 1 of the Six Step Procedure
Obtain shipping description ( )
SHIP--The Basic Shipping Description consists of:
The Shipping Name
The Hazard Classification
The Identification Number (UN or NA)
The Packing Group

16. HM Table

17. Packing Groups Packing Group I - Great danger
Packing Group II - Moderate danger
Packing Group III - Mild danger

18. Hazard Classes/Divisions
Class 1 - Explosives (173.50)
Class 2 - Compressed gasses ( )
Class 3 - Flammable liquids ( )
Class 4 - Flammable solids ( )
Class 5 - Oxidizers and organic Peroxides ( & 128)
Class 6 - Poisonous and infectious materials ( & 134)
Class 7 - Radioactives ( )
Class 8 - Corrosive materials ( )
Class 9 - Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials ( )
ORM - Other Regulated Material ( )
Elevated Temperature (171.8)

19. Multiple Hazards Some materials may have more than one hazard
The first one is called the primary hazard
Other hazards are called subsidiary hazards
How do you determine primary hazard
Precedence of Hazard Table (173.2a(b))
HM Table

20. Hazardous Substances “Hazardous substances” are materials that:
Are listed in Appendix A to Section ; AND
Are in a quantity in one package that equals or exceeds the listed Reportable Quantity (RQ)
Example?

21. Marine Pollutants “Marine pollutants” are defined as materials which:
Are listed in Appendix B to Table ; AND
Are packaged in a concentration greater than 10% for marine pollutant or 1% for severe marine pollutants

22. Using the HM Table (172.101) Shipping names Hazard classes
Identification numbers
Labeling requirements
Special provisions
Package specifications

23. Shipping Name Procedures (I)
Chemicals listed by name
Chemicals not listed by name
Generic names based on hazard
Generic names based on chemical family
Generic names based on usage
Technical name rule for generic names ( (k)(3))

24. Shipping Name Procedures (II)
Hazardous Substances and Marine Pollutants, not meeting the definition of a DOT hazard class
Environmentally hazardous substance, liquid, n.o.s.
Environmentally hazardous substance, solid, n.o.s.
Other regulated substance, liquid, n.o.s
Other regulated substance, solid, n.o.s.

25. Step 5 of the Six Step Procedure
Completing the shipping paper for hazardous material shipments

26. The Shipping Description
S H I P -- The shipping paper must show the basic shipping description, consisting of:
Proper shipping name
Hazard class and division (subsidiary is optional for domestic shipment)
Identification number (UN or NA)
Packing Group (I, II or III)
PLUS more?
The total quantity

27. Additional Shipping Paper Requirements (I)
DOT exemption number, if applicable
Limited Quantity, if applicable
RQ for hazardous substances
Marine Pollutant
Residue, last contained, if applicable
Dangerous When Wet for Division 4.3
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28. Additional Shipping Paper Requirements (II)
Technical name(s) in parentheses
Poison Inhalation Hazard, if applicable
Poison, if not otherwise indicated
HOT for elevated temperature material
Radioactives
Special requirements for air, rail and water

29. Shipper’s Certification
“This is to certify the above named materials are properly classified, described, packaged, marked and labeled, and are in proper condition for transportation according to the applicable regulations of the Department of Transport.”
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30. Hazardous and Non-Hazardous Materials
You can list hazardous and non-hazardous materials on the same shipping paper, if you do one of the following:
Enter all hazardous materials first
Highlight hazardous materials
Mark an “X” or RQ in column headed “Hazardous Materials” or “HM”

31. Emergency Response Information
Shippers use MSDS, ERG, forms. Information must include:
Basic Description of the hazardous material
Immediate hazards to health
Risks of fire or explosion
Immediate precautions in case of an accident
Procedures in case of fire
Methods for handling spills and leaks
Preliminary first aid
24-hour telephone number

32. Review a sample shipping paper

33. Step 6 of the Six Step Procedure
Placarding vehicles and containers of hazardous materials ( )

34. Background
Placards, labels, identification numbers, markings, and shipping papers are hazard communicate hazard information.

35. What is A label? A marking? A placard? An identification number?
What is a primary hazard placard/label?
Subsidiary hazard placard/label must not include class/division number on the bottom corner.

36. What to placard? Table 1 - placard any quantity
cannot use “DANGEROUS” placard
Table 2 - Placard if total quantity 454 kg (1001 pounds)
“DANGEROUS” placard permitted for mixed load if < 1000 Kg (2205 lb) per class loaded at facility

37. Identification Numbers and placement
Bulk containers must display the identification number of their contents, either on the placard, or an orange panel beside the placard.
Placards should be placed on each end and each side of motor vehicles or railroads.
Cargo tanks and portable tanks less than 1000 gallons require two placards on opposite sides of the tank

38. Examples

39. Examples

40. Examples

41. Examples

42. Examples

43. Examples

44. Examples

45. Examples

46. Examples

47. Examples

48. Examples

49. Examples

50. Examples

51. Exceptions may be allowed
Small Quantities Exceptions (173.4)
Materials of Trade (MOT) (173.6)
Exceptions for various classes/div. ( )
Limited Quantity, ORM-D (column 8A)
Agricultural operations (173.5)
Government material (173.7)
Placarding exceptions
DOT Exemptions

52. Summary UNDERSTAND the hazard of the materials you handle
KNOW and FOLLOW all your HAZMAT responsibilities, as they apply to your job
You must know the BASIC DESCRIPTION of a material to ship it properly
If you have questions, ASK SOMEONE who knows. Consult regs, procedures, others