1. History of Fashion

2. 1940 – 1949 Mood of the decade World War II Postwar Fashion Freedom
Women re-entered the workforce
Parisian fashion houses closed their doors due to German invasion of Paris
American fashion designers emerged
L-85 (General Limitations Order) restricted amount of fabric used in production of apparel.
Designers had to create fashions that would remain stylish through multiple seasons.
A new style of suits for women had short skirts and short jackets of twenty-five inches or less in length.
Sheath (see glossary) evening dresses replaced the long flowing gowns of the thirties.
Other restrictions limited use of silk, wool, rubber, metal
Shorter skirts
Sloppy Joe sweaters
Bikini introduced
Tailored masculine-looking suit
Women wanted a return to more feminine designs.
Christian Dior introduced the “New Look” with rounded shoulders, fuller bust-lines, and fuller skirts fifteen inches off the ground.
Paris was
re-established
as the center of the fashion world.

3. People who influenced the fashions of this decade
Christian Dior – designer of the “New Look”; first designer to license his name
Norman Norrell – winner of the first Coty American Fashion Critics Award (the American fashion designer’s version of the Oscar); known for sweaters with luxurious skirts and beaded sheath gowns; founder of the Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA see glossary)
Cristobal Balenciaga – known for huge evening coats, long, full skirts, pillbox hats, and chemise dresses
Jacques Fath – first French designer to export his designs to the United States
Elsa Schiaparelli – known for surreal designs and bold use of color, especially shocking pink and ice blue
Adrian – Hollywood costume designer whose screen fantasies influenced street fashions

4. 1950-1959 Mood of the decade Korean War Color television introduced
Rock-n-Roll explosion
Teenagers emerged as a fashion voice.
Leather jackets and T-shirts with the sleeves rolled up
White shirts and blue jeans
Letter sweaters
Beatniks
American Bandstand
Elvis Presley appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show.

5. Mood of the decade (cont.)
Moving to the suburbs
Sportswear emerges
Pedal pushers, slacks, halters, shirtwaist dresses
Cashmere sweaters with a matching scarf
Poodle skirts
Single-breasted jackets, narrow lapels, and natural shoulders
Tapered trousers and penny loafers
Shopping malls are built.

6. Mood of the decade (cont.)
Ivy League look
Men wore neat single-breasted jackets with narrow lapels, pressed trousers, with white, yellow, or pale blue button-down collared shirts, and ties.
Female students dressed in twin sweater sets, or Peter-Pan collared blouses and sweaters, with pencil-slim or pleated skirts.

7. Mood of the decade (cont.)
Hairstyles
Girls wore ponytails early in the decade. Later, the beehive was popular.
Boys “trained” their hair into greased-back ducktails and carried a comb at all times.

8. Mood of the decade (cont.)
Shoes and accessories
Two-toned bucks
Bobby socks

9. People who influenced fashions
Designer influence was significant
Dior—the A-line silhouette for women
Givenchy—the chemise or “sack” dress
Claire McCardell—sashes, harem pajamas, bias-cut, dartless clothes

10. People who influenced fashions (cont.)
Movie idols and musicians
Elvis Presley—international rock-n-roll star
James Brown—rhythm and blues singer
James Dean—teen idol movie star
Marlon Brando—movie star

11. 1960-1969 Mood of the decade Civil Rights Movement Black Pride
The Afro
African prints
Dashiki: A loose, brightly-colored African tunic.

12. Mood of the decade (cont.)
Youthquake Revolution
Youth take ownership of the decade
Mod look: Clothing with psychedelic colors and geometric designs.
Go-Go Look with mini skirts, white go-go boots

13. Mood of the decade (cont.)
Election of John F. Kennedy
Youngest president in history
The bare-headed President Kennedy begins the demise of the men’s hat industry.
First Lady Jackie Kennedy is the fashion icon of the decade wearing Chanel suits and simple dresses, pillbox hat, pearls, and low-heeled shoes.

14. Mood of the decade (cont.)
Man walks on the moon
Pierre Cardin and André Courreges are called the space age designers.
Space age and futuristic looks appear on high fashion runways.

15. Mood of the decade (cont.)
Onset of the women’s liberation movement
See through blouses, no bra
Unisex look
Pantyhose introduced (Glen Raven Mills, NC, 1959)

16. Mood of the decade (cont.)
Anti-war movement (Vietnam)
Hippie look, suede fringe jackets, appliquéd bell-bottom trousers, tie-dyed shirts, love beads, granny glasses, and peace symbols.
Woodstock Festival

17. People who influenced fashions
Decreased designer influence
Mary Quant—London designer who introduced the miniskirt
Twiggy—skinny British model who became the top model of the sixties
Emilio Pucci—exotic, psychedelic, beautiful prints
Yves St. Laurent—fresh approach to fashion with Mondrian-inspired shift dress
Jackie Kennedy
Audrey Hepburn—classics such as the “little black dress”

18. 1970-1979 Mood of the decade Watergate Scandal Vietnam war ends
Dawn of the Disco, Studio 54, Saturday Night Fever
John Travolta’s white suit with an open-necked shirt.
Platform shoes
Bell-bottom hip-hugger pants
Hot pants with white go-go boots

19. Mood of the decade
Punk Rock, short-lived anti-social and anti-fashion movement
Torn, frayed clothing
Body piercing
Spiked hair colored pink or green
T-shirts being worn as billboards
Political statement designs

20. Mood of the decade Rap and hip-hop emerge Athletic clothes Track suits
Excessive amounts of gold jewelry

21. Mood of the decade Ethnic influence Macramé bags
Crochet waistcoats and shawls
Ponchos
Gypsy tops with gathered necklines trimmed with bells and puffed sleeves
Nehru jackets

22. Mood of the decade “Me” decade, self indulgence String bikini
Tight clothes
Men’s leisure suits
Designer jeans
Hand-braided friendship bracelets

23. Mood of the decade
Feminism, sexual equality, women’s lib, equal rights
Bra burning
Women no longer wear girdles
Women buy pantyhose
Women wear pants and pantsuits
Double-knit polyester man-made fabrics
Micro, mini, midi, and maxi skirts

24. Mood of the decade Shoes Movies and their stars Platforms Clogs
Annie Hall—women wearing oversize men’s shirts, very long skirts, khaki pants, and men’s hats
Grease—leather motorcycle jackets

25. Mood of the decade Television
Charlie’s Angels—Farrah Fawcett Major’s hair style and flared trousers
Happy Days—Fonzie’s leather jacket, jeans, white shirt
Dukes of Hazzard—Daisy Duke’s cutoff jean shorts

26. People who influenced fashion
Yves Saint Laurent—womenswear based on menswear
Halston—use of cashmere
Calvin Klein—denim jeans
Mary McFadden—fine pleating
Bill Blass—sporty, sophisticated classics

27. 1980-1989 Mood of the decade Excess Shoulder pads, retro 1940s
Big hair
Brand names appeared on outside of garment

28. Mood of the decade (cont.)
MTV
Music becomes visual
Videos become a major influence on apparel choices
Lace tops, tight skirts
Bustier worn by Madonna

29. Mood of the decade (cont.)
Television influence
Dallas—jeans, boots, western shirts, and cowboy hat
Dynasty—wide shoulder silhouettes
Miami Vice —T-shirts worn under Armani suits, pastel colors for men
General Hospital —Luke and Laura
Lady Diana Spencer weds Prince Charles
Diana’s wedding dress becomes one of the most copied in the world

30. Mood of the decade (cont.)
Workout craze, Jane Fonda
Legwarmers, leotards, sneakers
Nike, Reebok
Women left their high-heels at home and wore sneakers to work
Introduction of the thong bikini
Stirrup pants
Warm-up suits
Flashdance—increased the popularity of legwarmers, sweatshirt fabric, and sweatshirts with cut out necks

31. Mood of the decade (cont.)
Punk
Dog collars
Mohawk hairstyles
Leather jackets and chains

32. People who influenced fashion
Ralph Lauren—classic silhouettes
Calvin Klein—minimalist look, designer jeans
Donna Karan—women’s career apparel
Giorgio Armani—menswear styles from American Gigolo
First Ladies—Nancy Reagan and Barbara Bush

33. Mood of the decade
Sandra Day O’Connor—first woman on Supreme Court
AIDS first identified
Collapse of the Soviet Union and the expansion of overseas companies

34. Mood of the decade (cont.)
Longest bull market in Wall Street history
More luxurious fashions are introduced as people have more money to spend.
More luxurious fabrics enter the market.

35. Mood of the decade (cont.)
Casual Friday—khakis, polos, loafers, jeans with company T-shirts worn to work
Internet
Finger-tip access to global fashion information
Online shopping

36. Mood of the decade (cont.)
Street Fashions
Hip-Hop style
Jeans, logo T-shirts, windbreakers, all oversized
Body piercing
Tattooing
Doc Martens
Backpack purses

37. Mood of the decade (cont.)
Megabrands
Youthquake with Tommy Hilfiger
FUBU
Banana Republic
J. Crew
Old Navy, The Gap, Abercrombie and Fitch
Tweens (8 to 12 years old), Gap Kids, Limited Too

38. Mood of the decade (cont.)
Women’s competitive and adventure sports—Example: WNBA
Athletic shoes
Sports bras

39. People who influenced fashion
Princess Diana—most photographed woman ever
Tommy Hilfiger—“brand image” designer
Gianni Versace—designer with rock star type sex appeal
Isaac Mizrahi—high-fashion designer whose line is sold exclusively by Target
Ralph Lauren—“preppy” styles for men and women

40. People who influenced fashion
Music, movies, and television
Garth Brooks—western shirts
Shania Twain—bare midriffs and tight fitting clothes
Back Street Boys—“oversized” clothes
Madonna—the bustier
Jennifer Aniston—“Rachel” hairdo on Friends

41. People who influenced fashion
Russell Simmons—Phat Farm hip-hop clothing
Sean John Combs (“P. Diddy”)—denim-based signature sportswear for men and boys

42. 2000-2010 Mood of the decade Y2K—The Millennium Bug
Unclear winner in the United States Presidential Election
Firestone recalled tires
Microsoft ordered to split
September 11, 2001 attack on the Twin Towers
Taliban regime

43. Mood of the decade (cont.)
Anthrax scare
Invasion of Iraq
Stem cell research
Number of AIDS victims rises
Arnold Schwarzenegger became Governor of California
Recording industry cracked down on people who illegally swapped more than 1,000 songs over the Internet

44. Mood of the decade (cont.)
Saddam Hussein captured December 13, 2003
Street wear
Low-rise jeans
Slashed T-shirts
Overtly sexual clothes
Bling bling (big jewelry)
Ugg boots

45. People who are influencing fashion
Valentino
Paris Hilton
Rappers and Hip Hop artists in music videos— baggy pants, big jewelry (bling bling) and urban wear (Enyce, Rocawear, Baby Phat, Phat Farm)

46. People who are influencing fashion (cont.)
Rappers and Hip Hop artists
Sean “P.Diddy” Combs
Lil Kim—increased the popularity of wearing weave and wigs
Camron—increased the popularity of males wearing the color pink
Jay-Z—wearing earrings in both ears

47. People who are influencing fashion (cont.)
Film and popstars
Britney Spears—bare-midriff tops, skimpy skirts and shorts
Janet Jackson—bare, sexy, metallic, urban streetwear

48. People who are influencing fashion (cont.)
Celebrities who have clothing lines
Beyonce Knowles
Jennifer Lopez
Sean Combs
Russell Simmons
Jessica Simpson
Reba McEntyre