1. Growing Tree Fruit In Duluth

2. Planning the planting Size of fruit planting –Space available –Size of family –Experience of grower –Availability of tools

3. Planning –Fruit plot location Soil type Drainage Sun Water availability Slope Things to avoid

4. Planning Kinds of fruit to plant –Size of plot –What does the family like? –Hardiness –yield

5. Planning Getting the plants –Local nurseries –Duluth Community Gardens fruit sale 722-4583 www.duluthcommunitygarden.org –Mail order: FEDCO trees, St Lawrence –Transplant from wild –graft

6. Soil and site preparation Soil test- call Extension 733-2870 Site history Plan out irrigation Fertilizer timing

7. Planting Timing – Plant in spring Care of stock- keep roots damp Planting holes- rough, shallow, no Fert Root pruning- cut off broken roots Staking – stake up dwarfs Watering- 5 gal, every other day for the first 2 weeks

8. Seasonal care Sunscald protection- wrap trunks for winter Weed control – keep grass away Pruning- train to modified central leader Animal pest control – Protect the trees Insect and disease control – inspect frequently

9. Red-backed Vole

10. Shubat’s deer fence

12. Insect pests Apple Worm - sticky traps - Pheromone Apple maggot – sticky traps + scent Scale – dormant oil spray Aphids – soap spray, pressure hose

13. Insect pests Apple Worm

14. Apple Maggot

15. Insect pest scale

16. Insect pest aphids

17. Common Diseases Apple Scab –sanitation, –Kaolin Fire Blight –streptomycin, –pruning

18. Apples for Duluth Early Apples –Mantet –Oriole –Duchess –State Fair –Beacon –Lodi Mid season –Chestnut crab –Wealthy –Minjon –Red Baron –Sweet 16 –Honeycrisp –Cortland ( in town) –Northwestern Greening

19. Apples for Duluth Late Apples –Most are too late and freeze in our early falls –Haralson: our latest –Others will work in the city or in a protected microclimate

20. Pears for Duluth Golden Spice Gourmet Parker Summercrisp Ure Stacyville

21. Plums Hybrid Plums –South Dakota –Toka –Underwood –Wanetta European Plums –Avoid these except –Mt. Royal ( in town)

22. Cherries for Duluth Meteor North Star Bali Mesabi Prunus tomentosa –Nanking cherry Native cherries –Choke, Pin

23. Tree spacing and care Standard trees 20-25 feet apart –Prune to modified central leader –No fertilizer the first year –Apply compost under the drip line (2 inch) Dwarf trees ( M26) –15 feet apart or more –Stake for the first few years –No fertilizer the first year –Compost under the drip line

24. Water sprouts Crossed branches Narrow angles

25. Saw Pole Trimmer Lopper Snippers or pruners

26. Apple that needs pruning

27. BeforeAfter

29. Spurs or short stems Long stems

30. This pear tree now has a new leader. The making the tree 3’shorter cuts

32. Harvest and storing Harvest at peak ripeness –Remove field heat – refrigerate –Store cold 40F –Later ripening apples store longer –Process fruit by: Freezing Canning Juicing Jam, jelly