1. Allie Schneider, Bianca Hung, Dionne Rasquinha, Elle Uronen Period 1

2. The scientific study of interactions between organisms in their environments, focusing on energy transfer. It is a science of relationships.

3. the sum total of the variety of organisms in the biosphere

4. Interactions within and among populations Nutrient cycling and energy flow through ecosystems The environment is made up of two factors; biotic and abiotic

5. Immigration: the movement of individuals into an area, and causes population to grow. Emigration: the movement of individuals out of an area, and causes population to decrease Biotic Factors: all living organisms inhabiting the Earth Abiotic Factors: nonliving parts of the environment

6. BIOSPHERE ECOSYSTEM COMMUNITY POPULATION ORGANISM Organism: Any unicellular or multicellular form exhibiting all of the characteristics of life, an individual. Population: A group of organisms of one species living in the same place at the same time that interbreed and compete with each other for resources Community: Several interacting populations that inhabit a common environment and are independent Ecosystem: Populations in a community and the abiotic factors with which they interact Biosphere: Life supporting portions of Earth composed of air, land, fresh water, and salt water.

7. Competition: two or more organisms compete for a limited resource Producer-Consumer: Producer- all autotrophs, they trap energy from the sun. (BOTTOM OF THE FOOD CHAIN) Consumer- all heterotrophs, they ingest food containing the suns energy. Herbivores, Carnivores, Omnivores and Decomposers Predator-Prey: Predators- Hunt prey animals for food

8. Commensalism: one species benefits and the other species is NEITHER harmed or benefitted. Mutualism: both species BENEFIT Parasitism: one organism benefits at the EXPENSE of the other organism

9. Each link in a food chain is known as a trophic level Trophic levels represent a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem Only 10% of energy transfers to the next level Primary Producers: autotrophic plants, algae, some bacteria Secondary Producers: animals that eat herbivores, carnivores Higher Level Consumers: animals that eat animals that eat herbivores Decomposers: eat and break down dead organic material

10. The Water Cycle Describes the movement of Earth’s water Includes condensation, precipitation, infiltration and evaporation The Nitrogen Cycle Describes how nitrogen moves through things on Earth Cycles through living things, dead things, the air, soil and water The Carbon Cycle Describes the movement of carbon through one part of Earth to another Includes movement from living things to atmosphere, atmosphere to ocean, and ocean to living things

11. Succession: A series of changes in a community in which new populations of organisms gradually replace existing ones Primary Succession: Colonization of new sites by communities of organisms, takes place on bare rock Secondary Succession: Sequence of community changes that takes place when a community is disrupted by natural disaster or human actions, takes place on existing soil

12. Growth rate = #births - #deaths population size Increases a population: Lack of predators Abundance of food Decreases a population: Predators Competition

13. Global Warming Deforestation Ozone Depletion Fishing Activities Invasive Species Pollution Air Water Exotic Pet Trade Acid Rain Climate Change Excess Carbon Monoxide Radiation Poisoning

14. Define abiotic and biotic factors. A.The sum total of the variety of organisms in the biosphere B.Nonliving parts of the environment, Living organisms on Earth C.Where a population lives, what a population does D.None of the above

15. Label the grass, the rabbit, and the cougar. A. Autotroph, heterotroph, heterotroph B. Heterotroph, heterotroph, decomposer C. Autotroph, autotroph, autotroph D. Decomposer, heterotroph, autotroph

16. What is the relationship between polar bears and cyanobacteria? A.Parasitism B.Commensalism C.Mutualism D.None of the above

17. What percentage of energy transfers to the second level? A.5% B.30% C.15% D.10% E.None of the above

18. What cycle cycles through living things, dead things, the air, soil and water? A.Water Cycle B.Nitrogen Cycle C.Carbon Cycle D.All of the above

19. What word matches this definition… The movement of individuals out of an area causes the population to decrease. A.Emigration B.Immigration C.Carrying Capacity D.Biodiversity

20. Which factors limit population growth? A.Biodiversity B.Density-dependent factor, Density-independent factor C.Competition, predation, disease D.All of the above

21. Population grows when…. A.Death rate is greater than birth rate B.It’s overpopulated C.Human interference occurs D.Birthrate is greater than it’s death rate

22. A herbivore is… A.Meat eater B.Plant eater C.Meat and plant eater D.Insect eater

23. What is ecology? A.Biodiversity B.Collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place C.The science of relationships D.The science of plants E.None of the above

24. 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.C