1. CUSTOMIZED ENVIRONMENTAL
WATER CONSERVATION
CUSTOMIZED ENVIRONMENTAL
TRAINING
(Read Directly From Slide)
WELCOME 1 1 1 1

2. Insert Instructor Name Here
(Read Directly From Slide) 2 2 2 2

3. OBJECTIVES Discuss the Need for Water Conservation.
Discuss the Need for Monitoring, Submetering, and Leak Detection.
Explain How Water Pressure Relates to Water Conservation.
Discuss Water Recycling and Water Reuse.
Discuss Cooling Water Conservation.
Discuss Industrial Water Conservation Measures.
Discuss Bathroom Water Conservation Measures.
Discuss Xeriscape Landscaping.
Discuss Water Conservation Education and Employee Participation.
(Read Directly From Slide) 3 3 3 3

4. GOALS Understand the Need for Water Conservation.
Understand the Need for Monitoring, Submetering, and Leak Detection.
Be Familiar With How Water Pressure Relates to Water Conservation.
Understand the Principles of Water Recycling and Water Reuse.
Be Familiar With Cooling Water Conservation.
Be Familiar With Industrial Water Conservation Measures.
Understand Bathroom Water Conservation Measures.
Understand the Basic Principles of Xeriscape Landscaping.
Understand the Importance of Water Conservation Education and Employee Participation.
(Read Directly From Slide)

5. BACKGROUND
Drought costs ranchers and farmers an estimated $6-8 billion a year, more than damages caused by floods or hurricanes.
The Dust Bowl Drought from affected 50 million acres of land and left thousands of farmers homeless.
In 1999 drought caused 1,695 counties in 44 states to be declared agricultural disaster areas.
(Read Directly From Slide) 4 4 5 4

6. LEARNERS Supervisors Facility Engineers Maintenance Personnel
Department Managers
Building Occupants
Process Specialists
Environmental and Safety Committees
(Read Directly From Slide) 5 5 6 5

7. OVERVIEW
The goal of this course is to provide supervisors with the tools needed to help conserve water. It recommends practical, actions that can be carried out by facility management, maintenance personnel and building occupants. The course will help you to integrate good water conservation management activities into your existing organization and identify which of your staff have the necessary skills to carry out those activities.
(Read Directly From Slide) 4 7 3

8. WHAT THIS COURSE DOES NOT DO
The course is not intended to provide information to install, repair, or modify plumbing equipment, nor is it intended to teach personnel to become landscape architects. These specialties required training beyond the intended scope of this course. Where this expertise is needed, outside assistance should be solicited.
(Read Directly From Slide)

9. SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT
The Safe Drinking Water Act, Section 1455, as amended in 1996, requires the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to publish guidelines for use by water utilities in preparing a water conservation plan.
States are to administer water conservation programs and to enact state regulations to conform to these guidelines.
The Safe Drinking Water Act, Section 1455, as amended in 1996, requires the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to publish guidelines for use by water utilities in preparing a water conservation plan.
States are to administer water conservation programs and to enact state regulations to conform to these guidelines.
Water conservation regulations will differ from state to state. The recommendations in this course will help businesses and industries to comply with most regulations. It is recommended that you obtain a copy of your state and local water conservation regulations.

10. WHAT IS A DROUGHT?
The National Weather Service defines a drought as “a period of abnormally dry weather that persists long enough to produce a serious hydrologic imbalance (for example crop damage, water supply shortage, etc.) The severity of the drought depends upon the degree of moisture deficiency, the duration and the size of the affected area.”
The National Weather Service defines a drought as “a period of abnormally dry weather that persists long enough to produce a serious hydrologic imbalance (for example crop damage, water supply shortage, etc.) The severity of the drought depends upon the degree of moisture deficiency, the duration and the size of the affected area.” There are four different ways that drought can be defined:
Meteorological - a measure of departure of precipitation from normal. Due to climatic differences what is considered a drought in one location may not be a drought in another location. Agricultural - refers to a situation when the amount of moisture in the soil no longer meets the needs of of a particular crop. Hydrological - occurs when surface and subsurface water supplies are below normal. Socioeconomic- refers to the situation that occurs when physical water shortage begins to affect people.

11. WHY CONSERVE WATER? It is a resource that is a benefit to everyone.
To save money. Lower consumption means lower water bills.
To keep rates low. Maximizing current water supplies helps defer the need to develop new, more expensive sources of water.
To prepare for a drought. Many areas of the country have experienced drought conditions in the past few years. Water conservation helps prepare for these worst of times.
To comply with regulations. Many states and local regulators have established efficient water use regulations.
Why Should We Conserve Water?
It is a resource that is a benefit to everyone.
To save money. Lower consumption means lower water bills.
To keep rates low. Maximizing current water supplies helps defer the need to develop new, more expensive sources of water.
To prepare for a drought. Many areas of the country have experienced drought conditions in the past few years. Water conservation helps prepare for these worst of times.
To comply with regulations. Many states and local regulators have established efficient water use regulations.

12. TWO TYPES OF PRACTICES
Engineering practices: practices based on modifications in plumbing, fixtures, or water supply operating procedures.
Behavioral practices: practices based on changing water use habits.
There are two types of practices that need to be addressed to have a successful water conservation program.
The first is engineering practices. These include modifications in plumbing, fixtures, or water supply operating procedures. They may also require equipment modification or purchase.
The second is behavior practices. Education is required to change the e water use habits of individuals.

13. MONITORING
Provides baseline information on quantities of overall company water use, the seasonal and hourly patterns of water use, and the quantities and quality of water use in individual processes.
Baseline information on water use can be used to set company goals and to develop specific water use efficiency measures.
Monitoring also raises employee awareness.
Records of meter readings can be used to identify changes in water use rates and possible problems in a system.
Monitoring the amount of water used by an industrial/commercial facility can provide baseline information on quantities of overall company water use, the seasonal and hourly patterns of water use, and the quantities and quality of water use in individual processes. Baseline information on water use can be used to set company goals and to develop specific water use efficiency measures. Monitoring can make employees more aware of water use rates and makes it easier to measure the results of conservation efforts. The use of meters on individual pieces of water-using equipment can provide direct information on the efficiency of water use. Records of meter readings can be used to identify changes in water use rates and possible problems in a system.

14. SUBMETERING
The practice of placing water meters throughout a facility is called submetering.
Submetering helps account for water usage and can help in the process of leak detection.
Areas to consider submetering are landscaped areas, cafeterias, laundries, and major industrial equipment that use water.
Submetering makes water users more aware of how much water they use and its cost.
By placing meters and monitoring those meters throughout a facility, experts estimate that a facility can help reduce water usage by 20 to 40 percent.
The practice of placing water meters throughout a facility is called submetering.
Submetering helps account for water usage and can help in the process of leak detection.
Areas to consider submetering are landscaped areas, cafeterias, laundries, and major industrial equipment that use water.
Submetering makes water users more aware of how much water they use and its cost.
By placing meters and monitoring those meters throughout a facility, experts estimate that a facility can help reduce water usage by 20 to 40 percent.

15. METER ACCURACY
Water meters can be damaged and deteriorate with age, thus producing inaccurate readings.
All meters, especially older meters, should be tested for accuracy on a regular basis.
Meters that are used to measure large volumes of water may be too large for a customer's level of use and will tend to under-register water use.
A Meter testing, calibration, repair, and replacement program needs to be established.
Meter accuracy. Water meters can be damaged and deteriorate with age, thus producing inaccurate readings. Inaccurate readings will give misleading information regarding water usage, make leak detection difficult, and result in lost revenue for the company. All meters, especially older meters, should be tested for accuracy on a regular basis. Meters should also be of the correct size. Meters that are used to measure large volumes of water may be too large for a customer's level of use and will tend to under-register water use.
Meter testing, calibration, repair, and replacement. After determining the accuracy of the metering system, maintenance personnel should provide a schedule of activities necessary to correct meter deficiencies. Meters should be recalibrated on a regular basis to ensure accurate water accounting.

16. LEAK DETECTION
Repairing leaks saves money on water bills. The early detection of leaks also reduces the chances that leaks will cause major property damage.
A leak detection strategy needs to employ regular on-site testing methods for detecting leaks along water distribution mains, valves, services, and meters.
Leak detection programs are especially important in facilities that have large, old, deteriorating systems.
Leak Detection
An effective way to conserve water is to detect and repair leaks in a facility’s water system. Repairing leaks saves money on water bills. The early detection of leaks also reduces the chances that leaks will cause major property damage.
One way to detect leaks is to use listening equipment to survey the distribution system, identify leak sounds, and pinpoint the exact locations of hidden underground leaks. As mentioned earlier, metering can also be used to help detect leaks in a system. A leak detection strategy needs to employ regular on-site testing using computer-assisted leak detection equipment, a sonic leak-detection survey, or another acceptable method for detecting leaks along water distribution mains, valves, services, and meters.
Leak detection programs are especially important in facilities that have large, old, deteriorating systems.

17. LEAK DETECTION
Automated sensors/telemetry. Remote sensors and monitoring software can alert personnel to leaks, fluctuations in pressure, problems with equipment integrity, and other concerns.
Visual inspection program. This may include pipe inspection, cleaning, lining, and other maintenance efforts to improve the distribution system and prevent leaks and ruptures from occurring.
Leak detection programs should incorporate both engineering technology and visual inspections.
Automated sensors/telemetry. The use of remote sensors and telemetry technologies should be considered for ongoing monitoring and analysis of source, transmission, and distribution facilities. Remote sensors and monitoring software can alert personnel to leaks, fluctuations in pressure, problems with equipment integrity, and other concerns.
Visual inspection program. This may include pipe inspection, cleaning, lining, and other maintenance efforts to improve the distribution system and prevent leaks and ruptures from occurring.

18. WATER AUDITS
Audits of large-volume users. Begin by identifying the categories of water use for the large-volume user. These may include process, sanitary, domestic, heating, cooling, outdoor, and other water uses. Second, a water audit should identify areas in which overall water use efficiency can be improved through alternative technologies or practices.
Large-landscape audits.
Effective audit programs can save 10 to 20 percent for both general industrial water usage and for large landscape water audits.
Audits of large-volume users. Water audits should begin by identifying the categories of water use for the large-volume user. These may include process, sanitary, domestic, heating, cooling, outdoor, and other water uses. Second, a water audit should identify areas in which overall water use efficiency can be improved through alternative technologies or practices.
Large-landscape audits. Water audits can be used for outdoor usage, as well as for indoor processes. Audits of irrigation practices can provide large-volume commercial, industrial, and public users with information about usage and usage-reduction techniques. These audits can be used in conjunction with irrigation submetering and other landscaping efficiency practices.
Effective audit programs that employ water saving processes can save 10 to 20 percent of general industrial water usage. The same amount of savings can also be found for large landscape water audits.
WAVE (Water Alliances for Voluntary Efficiency) is a non-regulatory water-efficiency partnership created and supported by U.S. EPA. WAVE has produced WAVE-Saver, an interactive, PC-based software tool that can help companies calculate the true incremental cost of water, create budget projections based on historical rate and occupancy patterns and to evaluate hundreds of efficiency options using “intelligent” look-up tables and data bases.
Call WAVE for more information on WAVE-Saver.

19. REDUCING WATER PRESSURE
Reducing excessive pressures in the water distribution system can save a significant quantity of water.
Reducing water pressure can decrease leakage, the amount of flow through open faucets, and stresses on pipes and joints that may result in leaks. Lower water pressure may also decrease system deterioration, reducing the need for repairs and extending the life of existing facilities.
Lower pressures can help reduce wear on end-use fixtures and appliances.
Reducing excessive pressures in the water distribution system can save a significant quantity of water. Reducing water pressure can decrease leakage, the amount of flow through open faucets, and stresses on pipes and joints that may result in leaks. Lower water pressure may also decrease system deterioration, reducing the need for repairs and extending the life of existing facilities. Furthermore, lower pressures can help reduce wear on end-use fixtures and appliances.
Systemwide pressure management. For residential areas, pressures exceeding 80 psi should be assessed for reduction. Pressure management and reduction strategies must be consistent with state and local regulations and standards, as well as take into account system conditions and needs. Before changing water pressure, businesses should consult an expert plumber. Reductions in pressure should not compromise the integrity of the water system or service quality. The danger is for a potential cross-connection that can contaminate the water system.

20. REDUCING WATER PRESSURE
Pressure-reducing valves.
Can be installed on street mains, as well as individual buildings.
Companies might also insert flow restrictors on services at the meter.
Seek technical assistance from your water provider on pressure-reducing valves.
Pressure-reducing valves. A more aggressive plan may include the purchase and installation of pressure-reducing valves in street mains, as well as individual buildings. Companies might also insert flow restrictors on services at the meter. Restrictors can be sized to allow for service length, system pressure, and site elevation. Companies should seek technical assistance from their water provider to address their pressure problems and the installation of pressure-reducing valves.

21. WATER RECYCLING
Water recycling is the reuse of water for the same application for which it was originally used.
Factors that should be considered in a water recycling program include:
- Identification of water reuse opportunities
- Evaluation of the minimum water quality needed for a particular use
- Evaluation of water quality degradation resulting from the use
- Determination of the treatment steps.
Water recycling is the reuse of water for the same application for which it was originally used. Recycled water might require treatment before it can be used again. Factors that should be considered in a water recycling program include:
Identification of water reuse opportunities
Evaluation of the minimum water quality needed for a particular use
Evaluation of water quality degradation resulting from the use
Determination of the treatment steps, if any, that might be required to prepare the water for recycling.
If given the choice, water recycling is the best use of wastewater.

22. WATER REUSE
Water reuse is the use of wastewater or reclaimed water (sometimes called “graywater”) from one application for another application.
Some potential applications include other industrial uses in cooling water at power plants and oil refineries or industrial process water for such facilities as paper mills and carpet dyers, toilet flushing, dust control, construction activities, concrete mixing, and artificial lakes.
Reused water can also be used in landscape irrigation, agricultural irrigation, aesthetic uses such as fountains, and fire protection.
Water Reuse
Water reuse is the use of wastewater or reclaimed water (sometimes called “graywater”) from one application such as municipal wastewater treatment for another application such as landscape watering. The reused water must be used for a beneficial purpose and in accordance with applicable rules (such as local ordinances governing water reuse). Some potential applications for the reuse of wastewater or reclaimed water include other industrial uses in cooling water at power plants and oil refineries or industrial process water for such facilities as paper mills and carpet dyers, toilet flushing, dust control, construction activities, concrete mixing, and artificial lakes. Reused water can also be used in landscape irrigation, agricultural irrigation, aesthetic uses such as fountains, and fire protection.

23. WATER REUSE
Factors that should be considered in an industrial water reuse program include:
Identification of water reuse opportunities
Determination of the minimum water quality needed for the given use
Identification of wastewater sources that satisfy the water quality requirements
Determination of how the water can be transported to the new use
Water Reuse
Factors that should be considered in an industrial water reuse program include:
· Identification of water reuse opportunities
· Determination of the minimum water quality needed for the given use
· Identification of wastewater sources that satisfy the water quality requirements
· Determination of how the water can be transported to the new use
The reuse of wastewater or reclaimed water is beneficial because it reduces the demands on available surface and ground waters. It also help reduce a company’s water bill. Perhaps the greatest benefit of establishing water reuse programs is their contribution in delaying or eliminating the need to expand potable water supply and treatment facilities.

24. COOLING WATER RECIRCULATION
The use of water for cooling in industrial applications represents one of the largest water uses in the United States.
The most water-intensive cooling method used in industrial applications is once-through cooling, in which water contacts and lowers the temperature of a heat source and then is discharged.
Recycling water with a recirculating cooling system can greatly reduce water use by using the same water to perform several cooling operations.
Three cooling water conservation approaches that can be used to reduce water use are evaporative cooling, ozonation, and air heat exchange.
Cooling Water Recirculation
The use of water for cooling in industrial applications represents one of the largest water uses in the United States. Water is typically used to cool heat-generating equipment or to condense gases in a thermodynamic cycle. The most water-intensive cooling method used in industrial applications is once-through cooling, in which water contacts and lowers the temperature of a heat source and then is discharged.
Recycling water with a recirculating cooling system can greatly reduce water use by using the same water to perform several cooling operations. The water savings are sufficiently substantial to result in overall cost savings to industry.
Three cooling water conservation approaches that can be used to reduce water use are evaporative cooling, ozonation, and air heat exchange.

25. EVAPORATION COOLERS
The principal use of water by evaporative coolers is to increase the humidity of incoming air being drawn into a building and decrease its temperature. The building’s air cools as it absorbs the moisture.
Evaporative coolers require an annual maintenance check-up for the most efficient cooling.
Evaporative Coolers
The principal use of water by evaporative coolers is to increase the humidity of incoming air being drawn into a building and decrease its temperature. Most evaporative cooling equipment is used to cool air flow for space cooling.
Moisture is added to dry, warm air in the building by
blowing the air over a damp pad or
spraying a fine mist of water into the air.
The building’s air cools as it absorbs the moisture.
Evaporative coolers require an annual maintenance check-up for the most efficient cooling. Make sure your evaporative cooler uses a recirculating water pump. Replace cooler pads regularly. Inspect cooler float, pump, and motor annually. Adjust bleed-off valves to discharge the minimum amount of water necessary.

26. OZONATION The use of ozone to treat cooling tower water (ozonation):
Can result in a 99% reduction in the appearance of bacteria. And personnel no longer have to handle chlorine, bromine, phosphates, and other chemicals. It helps keep the metal surfaces of pipes and equipment clean, making equipment more energy efficient.
Controls corrosion by producing a protective coating on metal surfaces, extending equipment life.
Acts as a strong disinfectant. Can use lower amounts of high-quality water and it reduces cooling tower blowdown water consumption by 50 to 90%.
OZONATION
The use of ozone to treat cooling tower water (ozonation)
· Can result in a 99% reduction in the appearance of bacteria. And personnel no longer have to handle chlorine, bromine, phosphates, and other chemicals. It helps keep the metal surfaces of pipes and equipment clean, making equipment more energy efficient.
· Controls corrosion by producing a protective coating on metal surfaces, extending equipment life.
· Acts as a strong disinfectant. Can use lower amounts of high-quality water and it reduces cooling tower blowdown water consumption by 50 to 90%.

27. AIR HEAT EXCHANGE
Air heat exchange works on the same principle as a car's radiator. In an air heat exchanger, a fan blows air past finned tubes carrying the recirculating cooling water.
Air heat exchangers involve no water loss, but they can be relatively expensive when compared with cooling towers.
Air heat exchangers can be more reliable and more productive than water cooling.
Air Heat Exchange
Air heat exchange works on the same principle as a car's radiator. In an air heat exchanger, a fan blows air past finned tubes carrying the recirculating cooling water. Air heat exchangers involve no water loss, but they can be relatively expensive when compared with cooling towers. However, air heat exchangers can be more reliable and more productive than water cooling.

28. ONCE-THROUGH COOLING
Many facilities have one or more pieces of equipment cooled by a single-pass flow of water. After passing through and cooling the equipment, the water is usually discarded to a sanitary sewer system.
Equipment that might use a once-through cooling system include degreasers, rectifiers, hydraulic equipment, x-ray machines, condensers, and viscosity baths. Also air conditioners, air compressors, hydraulic presses, welders and vacuum pumps.
Many facilities have one or more pieces of equipment cooled by a single-pass flow of water. After passing through and cooling the equipment, the water is usually discarded to a sanitary sewer system.
Equipment that might use a once-through cooling system include degreasers, rectifiers, hydraulic equipment, x-ray machines, condensers, and viscosity baths. Also air conditioners, air compressors, hydraulic presses, welders and vacuum pumps.

29. ONCE-THROUGH COOLING
Alternatives for more efficient ways of cooling include:
Air heat exchange
Closed-loop recycled water.
Use the pass-through water for landscape irrigation or other graywater uses.
Once-through cooling is the most inefficient use of water. To conserve water consider using the following alternatives:
Air heat exchange
Closed-loop recycled water.
Use the pass-through water for landscape irrigation or other graywater uses.

30. METAL FINISHING
Platers and finishers, printed circuit board operators, fabricators, integrated circuit metal fabricators and other facilities use numerous process rinses and reaction baths. Water is essential in the manufacturing process for these facilities.
There are several water conserving methods that manufacturers should consider including: Flow Monitoring and Control, First Stage Static Tanks, Counterflow Rinsing, Spray Rinsing, Membrane Technologies, Ion Exchange and Electrolyte Recovery.
Platers and finishers, printed circuit board operators, fabricators, integrated circuit metal fabricators and other facilities use numerous process rinses and reaction baths. Water is essential in the manufacturing process for these facilities.
In general, these facilities use a flow of water running through a tank, or “rinse bath” to rinse and carry off contaminants being removed from a product. There are many water conserving methods available, we will take a brief look at these methods:
Flow Monitoring and Control
First Stage Static Tanks
Counterflow Rinsing
Spray Rinsing
Membrane Technologies
Ion Exchange
Electrolyte Recovery

31. METAL FINISHING Flow Monitoring and Control
Flow meters and manually-operated valves are relatively simple to operate and low in cost to install. Require operator attentiveness and knowledge of allowable rinse tank concentrations.
Automatic control of rinsewater flows is possible using conductivity control or measurements of total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations in rinses to control electrically operated valves.
Flow Monitoring and Control
Flow meters and manually-operated valves are relatively simple to operate and low in cost to install. They provide the proper amount of flow control without too much dilution. For optimum rinse efficiency, manual systems require operator attentiveness and knowledge of allowable rinse tank concentrations.
Automatic control of rinsewater flows is possible using conductivity control or measurements of total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations in rinses to control electrically operated valves. One automatic control feature is automatic timer-controlled shut-off of rinse flows. This is particularly appropriate for process rinse lines that are not in constant use.

32. METAL FINISHING First Stage Static Tank
For multi-tank rinsing, the first tank may be a “static” rinse tank rather than a continuous overflow tank.
Water conservation is achieved by a high percentage of the drag-out is discharged into this first rinse tank.
The first rinse tank can be allowed to become more concentrated than the rinses that follow it. Less water is used to periodically dump and refill the tank than for continuous overflow dilution.
First Stage Static Tank
For multi-tank rinsing, the first tank may be a “static” rinse tank (also known as a “still rinse” or “dead rinse”), rather than a continuous overflow tank. Water conservation is achieved by a high percentage of the drag-out (the process solution carried out of the plating bath by a product) is discharged into this first rinse tank. In general, this first rinse tank can be allowed to become more concentrated than the rinses that follow it. Less water is used to periodically dump and refill the tank than for continuous overflow dilution.

33. METAL FINISHING Counterflow Rinsing. Counterflow Rinsing.
In counterflow or countercurrent rinsing, the rinse water is circulated through a series of rinse tanks. Fresh water is fed into the rinse tank farthest from the process tank and overflows, inturn, to the rinse tank closest to the process tank. The work piece then, is dipped in the least pure water first and the cleanest water last. An example of a three stage counter-current rinse system is shown in this diagram.
Counter-current rinsing uses significantly less water than a single flowing rinse. Typically, two counter-current rinse tanks can reduce water use by 90 to 97%. The addition of a third tank will reduce water use by 95 to 99%. A fourth rinse tank will further reduce water use, however the additional small quantity of water saved may make it uneconomical.

34. METAL FINISHING Spray Rinsing
Spray rinse systems may offer significant rinse water savings. As much as 60% reduction has been claimed by such systems when compared to immersion tanks.
Spray rinsing should be combined with an automatic spray system that will reduce the chance of operator error.
Spray Rinsing
Spray rinse systems may offer significant rinse water savings. As much as 60% reduction has been claimed by such systems when compared to immersion tanks.
Spray rinsing should be combined with an automatic spray system that will reduce the chance of operator error.

35. METAL FINISHING Membrane Technologies
There are at least four different types of membrane technologies that include Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Reverse Osmosis and Electrodialysis.
Generally, membrane technology is easy to maintain and operate.
Pressure is applied to the feed side of the membrane which causes water and some selected solids to pass through.
Membrane Technologies
There are at least four different types of membrane technologies that are being used to recycle and recovery of water in the metal plating process. These are:
Microfiltration
Ultrafiltration
Reverse Osmosis
Electrodialysis
Generally, membrane technology is easy to maintain and operate. They operate by having pressure applied to the feed side of the membrane which causes water and some selected solids to pass through. The pressure must work against osmotic pressure or the tendency of the water to pass back through a membrane to create an equilibrium of concentrations.

36. METAL FINISHING Ion Exchange
Ion exchange is another common method and it involves the use of deionized water for removing contaminants from products and equipment.
Deionized water contains no ions (such as salts), which tend to corrode or deposit onto metals.
The reuse of once-used deionized water for a different application should also be considered.
Ion Exchange
Ion exchange is another common method and it involves the use of deionized water for removing contaminants from products and equipment. Deionized water contains no ions (such as salts), which tend to corrode or deposit onto metals.
The reuse of once-used deionized water for a different application should also be considered by industry, where applicable, because deionized water is often more pure after its initial use than municipal water.

37. METAL FINISHING Electrolytic Recovery
This process removes metal ions from solution, oxidizes cyanide, and reduces chromium in wastewaters. Metal ions are reduced at a cathode while oxygen evolves at an anode.
This method conserves water by keeping a low metals concentration in the drag-out recovery tank, minimizing drag-out to the the rinse tank(s). This method is effective with copper, tin, silver, and other metals.
Electrolytic Recovery
This process removes metal ions from solution, oxidizes cyanide, and reduces chromium in wastewaters. Metal ions are reduced at a cathode while oxygen evolves at an anode.
This method conserves water by keeping a low metals concentration in the drag-out recovery tank, minimizing drag-out to the the rinse tank(s). This method is effective with copper, tin, silver, and other metals.

38. CAFETERIAS AND RESTAURANTS
Use water in garbage disposer only during operation.
If thawing foods in cold running water, change to thawing under refrigeration, in a microwave, or in the cooking process.
“Double Dip” to clean large volumes of produce.
Replace "once through" water cooled ice machines and refrigeration condensers with air cooled machines.
Limit dishwashing to full loads. Turn off the continuous flow used to clean the drain trays of the coffee/milk/soda beverage island.
Cafeterias and Restaurants
Take the following steps to conserve water in cafeterias and restaurants:
If using garbage disposer for food waste, allow water flow only during operation. Also investigate alternatives to high water volume, non-recirculating food waste disposal methods.
If thawing foods in cold running water, change to thawing under refrigeration, in a microwave, or in the cooking process.
If washing large volumes of produce, instead of using running water, use the "double dip" method. (To "double dip," fill the food prep sink up, rinse foods, drain sink, and repeat process.)
Replace "once through" water cooled ice machines with air cooled machines
Replace "once through" water cooled refrigeration condensers, such as for walk-in coolers and freezers, with air cooled systems.
Limit dishwashing to full loads. If conveyor system is used, be sure water shuts off when each load is complete.
Turn off the continuous flow used to clean the drain trays of the coffee/milk/soda beverage island.

39. LAUNDRIES
Reprogram machines to eliminate a rinse or suds cycle, if possible, and not restricted by health regulations.
Reduce water levels, where possible, to minimize water required per load of washing.
Wash full loads only.
Evaluate wash formula and machine cycles for water use efficiency.
When purchasing new machines, buy water-saving models.
Laundries
The following are tips to conserve water in laundries:
Reprogram machines to eliminate a rinse or suds cycle, if possible, and not restricted by health regulations.
Reduce water levels, where possible, to minimize water required per load of washing.
Wash full loads only.
Evaluate wash formula and machine cycles for water use efficiency.
When purchasing new machines, buy water-saving models.

40. HOSPITALS AND CLINICS
Turn off water required for film processing or cooling in the X-ray department when not in use.
Recycle water where feasible, consistent with state and county requirements.
Use full loads in sanitizer, sterilizer, dishwasher, and washing machines.
Overhaul faulty steam traps on sterilizers.
Replace equipment with water-saving models.
Reduce the load on air conditioning units by shutting off air conditioning when and where it is not needed.
Recover condensate and use it as make-up water.
Hospitals and Clinics
The following steps can be taken to conserve water in hospitals and clinics:
Turn off water required for film processing or cooling in the X-ray department when not in use.
Recycle water where feasible, consistent with state and county requirements.
Use full loads in sanitizer, sterilizer, dishwasher, and washing machine consistent with infection control requirements.
Overhaul faulty steam traps on sterilizers.
As appliances or fixtures wear out, replace with water-saving models.
Reduce the load on air conditioning units by shutting off air conditioning when and where it is not needed.
Recover condensate from air conditioners, refrigerators, freezers, and ice machines; use it as make-up water.

41. CLOSED-LOOP VEHICLE WASHERS
The closed loop vehicle washers are facilities that completely recycle the wash water used in cleaning cars, trucks, etc.
Wash water will go through three different treatment units before being recycled for reuse.
The alpha treatment unit is an oil/water separator.
The beta treatment unit removes fine dirt particles and any remaining hydrocarbons.
The omega treatment adds ozone to the water before reuse.
Closed Loop Vehicle Washers
The closed loop vehicle washers are facilities that completely recycle the wash water used in cleaning cars, trucks, etc.
Usually wash water will go through three different treatment units (alpha, beta, and omega) before being recycled for reuse.
The alpha treatment unit is an oil/water separator, that removes oils and course dirt.
The beta treatment unit removes fine dirt particles and any remaining hydrocarbons remaining in the effluent after the alpha treatment.
The omega treatment adds ozone to the water before reuse.

42. BATHROOM WATER
To calculate the savings from a retrofit program, planners are required to make a number of assumptions about water use and savings. Some of the assumptions used in retrofitting are:
Toilets (4-6 flushes per person per day)
Showerheads (5-15 shower-use minutes per person per day)
Bathroom Faucets (1/2 to 3 faucet-use minutes per person per day)
Bathroom Water
Water can be conserved by taking a hard look at the fixtures in bathrooms and showers.
To calculate the savings from a retrofit program, planners are required to make a number of assumptions about water use and savings. Some of the assumptions used in retrofitting are:
· Toilets (4-6 flushes per person per day)
· Showerheads (5-15 shower-use minutes per person per day)
· Bathroom Faucets (1/2 to 3 faucet-use minutes per person per day)

43. LOW-FLUSH TOILETS
More than 4.8 billion gallons of water is flushed down toilets each day in the United States.
The average American uses about 9,000 gallons of water to flush 230 gallons of waste down the toilet per year.
Conventional toilets use 3.5 to 5 gallons or more of water per flush, but low-flush toilets use only 1.6 gallons of water or less.
Effective January 1, 1994, the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (Public Law ) requires that all new toilets produced for home use must operate on 1.6 gallons per flush or less.
Low-Flush Toilets.
More than 4.8 billion gallons of water is flushed down toilets each day in the United States. The average American uses about 9,000 gallons of water to flush 230 gallons of waste down the toilet per year. In new construction and building rehabilitation or remodeling there is a great potential to reduce water consumption by installing low-flush toilets.
Conventional toilets use 3.5 to 5 gallons or more of water per flush, but low-flush toilets use only 1.6 gallons of water or less. Since low-flush toilets use less water, they also reduce the volume of wastewater produced.
Effective January 1, 1994, the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (Public Law ) requires that all new toilets produced for home use must operate on 1.6 gallons per flush or less. Toilets that operate on 3.5 gallons per flush will continue to be manufactured, but their use will be allowed for only certain commercial applications through January l, Businesses that replace older models with low-flush toilets should see a drop in water usage.

44. TOILET DISPLACEMENT DEVICES
By placing a one gallon milk jug in the tank of an older toilet, you can save one gallon of water per flush.
Do not use bricks or stones because they can break up and cause damage to the plumbing.
A toilet dam, which holds back a reservoir of water when the toilet is flushed, can also be used instead of a plastic container to save water. Toilet dams result in a savings of 1 to 2 gallons of water per flush.
Toilet Displacement Devices.
To save water in older toilets, use a toilet displacement device. You can place plastic containers (such as plastic milk jugs) filled with water into a toilet tank to reduce the amount of water used per flush. By placing one to three such containers in the tank (making sure that they do not interfere with the flushing mechanisms or the flow of water), more than one gallon of water can be saved per flush. Do not use bricks or stones to displace water. They can break up and cause damage to the plumbing.
A toilet dam, which holds back a reservoir of water when the toilet is flushed, can also be used instead of a plastic container to save water. Toilet dams result in a savings of 1 to 2 gallons of water per flush.

45. LOW-FLOW SHOWERHEADS
Showers account for about 20 percent of total indoor non-industrial water use.
By replacing standard 4.5-gallon-per-minute showerheads with 2.5-gallon-per-minute heads, which cost less than $5 each, one study found that shower water use was reduced over 34% with low flow showerheads.
Low-Flow Showerheads.
Showers account for about 20 percent of total indoor non-industrial water use. By replacing standard 4.5-gallon-per-minute showerheads with 2.5-gallon-per-minute heads, which cost less than $5 each, one study found that shower water use was reduced over 34% with low flow showerheads.

46. FAUCETS
Faucet aerators can be easily installed and can reduce the water use at a faucet by as much as 60 percent while still maintaining a strong flow.
Other options to consider are metered faucets (which stay open for a pre-set period of time and then close), self-closing faucets (which close as soon as you let go of the knob) and automatic sensor controlled faucets.
Faucets
Faucet aerators, which break the flowing water into fine droplets and entrain air while maintaining wetting effectiveness, are inexpensive devices that can be installed in sinks to reduce water use. Aerators can be easily installed and can reduce the water use at a faucet by as much as 60 percent while still maintaining a strong flow. More efficient kitchen and bathroom faucets that use only 2 gallons of water per minute--unlike standard faucets, which use 3 to 5 gallons per minute--are also available.
Other options to consider are metered faucets (which stay open for a pre-set period of time and then close), self-closing faucets (which close as soon as you let go of the knob) and automatic sensor controlled faucets.

47. RAIN WATER HARVESTING
Rain Water Harvesting is capturing and storing rainfall to irrigate plants or to supply people and animals.
A well-designed system will also decrease your landscape maintenance needs.
All you need for a water harvesting system is rain, and a place to put it.
A "catchment" is any large surface that can capture and/or carry water to where it can be used immediately or stored.
Rain Water Harvesting - is capturing and storing rainfall to irrigate plants or to supply people and animals. It is one of the oldest known gardening methods, dating back to the beginnings of agriculture. Water harvesting will help you save money on monthly water bills and reduce your dependence on municipally-supplied water. A well-designed system will also decrease your landscape maintenance needs.
All you need for a water harvesting system is rain, and a place to put it. Your system can be simple, using contoured areas so that water flows directly to planted areas; or sophisticated, featuring storage systems that can contain captured water for later use.
A "catchment" is any large surface that can capture and/or carry water to where it can be used immediately or stored. Catchments include areas such as roofs, patios or parking lots. You can direct water runoff from these surfaces to plants, trees or lawns by using dikes, berms, or contouring. Rain gutters and pipes can move water to storage containers. You can use this stored water as an alternative watering source during sparse rain periods.

48. RAIN WATER HARVESTING
A water surplus available at the right time of year makes storage well worth the time and effort. A surplus becomes impractical when it must be stored for more than several months.
Water stored for long periods of time will stagnate and become a health hazard.
You can store water in a variety of ways: 55-gallon steel drums, oak barrels or underground storage tanks.
Regular maintenance is critical to any dependable water harvesting system.
Rain Water Storage
A water surplus available at the right time of year makes storage well worth the time and effort. A surplus becomes impractical when it must be stored for more than several months. Water stored for long periods of time will stagnate and become a health hazard. To determine whether storage can or should be part of your harvesting system, compare your total amount of water available (estimating rainfall) in a given month to that month's total landscape requirements. If you have a surplus that can be used in a reasonable amount of time, you should consider a storage system.
Types of Water Storage
You can store water in a variety of ways: 55-gallon steel drums, oak barrels or underground storage tanks. For a simple storage system, place an oil drum or barrel on a raised platform under a rain gutter downspout. The barrel should have an external pipe with a shutoff valve to control the amount of water withdrawn. If you have designed your system properly, gravity will enable you to obtain water from the barrel to a drip irrigation system without a pump.
System Maintenance
Regular maintenance is critical to any dependable water harvesting system. Make sure your gutters and downspouts are free of debris. Periodically clean and/or repair dikes, berms and channels to prevent excessive erosion.

49. XERISCAPE LANDSCAPE
Businesses can save water in landscaping by using the principles of Xeriscape™, an efficiency-oriented approach to landscaping that encompasses seven essential principles:
Planning and design
Limited turf areas
Efficient irrigation
Soil improvement
Mulching
Use of lower water demand plants
Appropriate maintenance
Xeriscape Landscaping.
Businesses can save water in landscaping by using the principles of Xeriscape™, an efficiency-oriented approach to landscaping that encompasses seven essential principles:
·         Planning and design
·         Limited turf areas
·         Efficient irrigation
·         Soil improvement
·         Mulching
·         Use of lower water demand plants
·         Appropriate maintenance
Xeriscape landscapes need not be cactus and rock gardens. They can be green, cool landscapes full of beautiful plants maintained with water-efficient practices.

50. XERISCAPE LANDSCAPE Planning and design
Sketch your landscape with locations of existing structures, trees, shrubs and grass areas. Then consider the landscape budget, appearance, function, maintenance and water requirements.
"Right Plant, Right Place": Select plants appropriately based upon their adaptability to climate, micro-climate, geological, and topographical conditions of the site.
Protect and preserve native species.
Use only ornamental fountains that incorporate water recirculation should be installed and operated.
Planning and design
When planning your landscape, keep in mind the following:
Creating a water-efficient landscape begins with a well-thought-out landscape design. Sketch your landscape with locations of existing structures, trees, shrubs and grass areas. Then consider the landscape budget, appearance, function, maintenance and water requirements. Local landscape architects, designers, nurserymen and county agents can help in this decision making. Implementing your landscape design can be done gradually over several years.
"Right Plant, Right Place": Select plants appropriately based upon their adaptability to climate, micro-climate, geological, and topographical conditions of the site. Protect and preserve native species.
Use only ornamental fountains that incorporate water recirculation should be installed and operated.

51. XERISCAPE LANDSCAPE Limited turf areas
When considering a landscape's water requirement, it is important to note that turf grasses require more frequent watering and maintenance than most other landscape plants.
When at all possible, minimize turf and other high water use, ornamental plants sparingly and only where necessary (such as sports fields, recreation areas and site entries).
Avoid placing turf in long narrow areas and small odd-shaped areas.
Limited turf areas
When considering a landscape's water requirement, it is important to note that turfgrasses require more frequent watering and maintenance than most other landscape plants. Carefully select grass according to its intended use, planting location and maintenance requirements.
When at all possible, minimize turf and other high water use, ornamental plants sparingly and only where necessary (such as sports fields, recreation areas and site entries).
when designing or evaluating turfgrass areas in the landscape, consider the ease or difficulty in watering the proposed area. Long narrow areas and small odd-shaped areas are difficult for any irrigation equipment to efficiently water. Try to eliminate long, narrow areas and maintain more block-like, square areas.

52. XERISCAPE LANDSCAPE Efficient Irrigation
Hydrozones: Separate the landscape area plants with similar water needs in a similar microclimate.
Provide water budget statement estimation.
Design irrigation systems to avoid runoff.
Incorporate electronic controllers with precise individual timing.
Utilize irrigation-only meters (deduct meters).
Use drip or other low volume irrigation whenever possible.
Efficient Irrigation
Hydrozones: Separate the landscape area plants with similar water needs in a similar microclimate.
Provide water budget statement estimation for supplemental irrigation. The water budget should be based on necessity to keep landscape areas alive and healthy using efficient irrigation techniques after plant establishment.
Design irrigation systems to avoid runoff, low-head drainage, overspread, or other similar conditions where irrigation water flows onto adjacent property, non-irrigated areas, or impervious surfaces by: considering soil types, using proper irrigation equipment, considering special problems posed by irrigation on slopes, in median strips, and in narrow hydrozones.
Incorporate electronic controllers with precise individual timing, multiple irrigation zones, multiple cycles, and attach rain shut-off devices.
Utilize irrigation-only meters (deduct meters)
Use drip or other low volume irrigation whenever possible.

53. XERISCAPE LANDSCAPE Soil improvement
To increase plant health and conserve water, analyze your soil. If needed, add organic matter to the soil of shrub and flower bed areas. This increases the soil's ability to absorb and store water in a form available to the plant. As a rule-of-thumb, till in 4 to 6 inches of organic material such as shredded pine bark, peat and rice hulls. For trees, however, incorporating organic matter is not necessary; for large turf grass areas, it is not economically feasible.
Soil improvement
To increase plant health and conserve water, analyze your soil. If needed, add organic matter to the soil of shrub and flower bed areas. This increases the soil's ability to absorb and store water in a form available to the plant. As a rule-of-thumb, till in 4 to 6 inches of organic material such as shredded pine bark, peat and rice hulls. For trees, however, incorporating organic matter is not necessary; for large turf grass areas, it is not economically feasible.

54. XERISCAPE LANDSCAPE Mulching
Mulch is a layer of nonliving material covering the soil surface around plants.
Mulches can be organic or inorganic materials.
Use a mulch at least once a year.
A good mulch conserves water by significantly reducing moisture evaporation from the soil.
Mulch also reduces weed populations, prevents soil compaction and keeps soil temperatures moderate.
Mulching
Mulch is a layer of nonliving material covering the soil surface around plants. Mulches can be organic materials such as pine bark, compost and woodchips; or inorganic materials, such as lava rock, limestone or permeable plastic, not sheet plastic.
Use a mulch wherever possible, but at least once a year. A good mulch conserves water by significantly reducing moisture evaporation from the soil. Mulch also reduces weed populations, prevents soil compaction and keeps soil temperatures more moderate.

55. XERISCAPE LANDSCAPE Use of lower water demand plants
Utilize native plants that are drought resistant first in your landscaping.
Utilize non-native plants only if they are drought resistant. Consult your local nursery for the best selection of trees, shrubs and plants.
Use of lower water demand plants
Utilize native plants that are drought resistant first in your landscaping.
Utilize non-native plants only if they are drought resistant. Consult your local nursery for the best selection of trees, shrubs and plants.

56. XERISCAPE LANDSCAPE Appropriate maintenance
Plant establishment: Provide plant establishment period of 2-3 years. During this time, all plants should be sufficiently watered and not be subject to a water budget.
Provide for the reduction and eventual elimination of supplemental irrigation for low water / drought tolerant plants after establishment period.
Appropriate maintenance preserves the beauty of the Xeriscape landscape plus saves water. Pruning, weeding, proper fertilization, pest control and irrigation system adjustments all conserve water.
Appropriate maintenance
Plant establishment: Provide plant establishment period of 2-3 years. During this time, all plants should be sufficiently watered and not be subject to a water budget. Provide for the reduction and eventual elimination of supplemental irrigation for low water / drought tolerant plants after establishment period.
Appropriate maintenance preserves the beauty of the Xeriscape landscape plus saves water. Pruning, weeding, proper fertilization, pest control and irrigation system adjustments all conserve water.

57. DEVELOPING A WATER CONSERVATION PLAN
Company policy statement
Goals
Action Plan
Assigned responsibilities for planned implementation
Procedures for implementation, evaluation, and revision
It is critical to the success of your water conservation effort that your company’s facilities establish a plan. The water conservation plan should be written and distributed to everyone involved in the conservation effort. It should include these basic items:
Company policy statement – this reflects the commitment of top management. This should be signed by the head of the company.
Goals – a set reduction goal that are specific, measurable, and achievable. State the goal measurement – gallons, percentage, etc. when this goal will be achieved, in what area of your facility, and by what means.
Action Plan – outline each specific task and support each action with a cost/benefit analysis where applicable. State immediate actions which are no-cost or low-cost, actions which require capital expenditure and actions which require water-use behavior modification. Make sure that you use current or proposed rates when determining costs and benefits.
Assigned responsibilities for planned implementation – establish a water conservation committee with a responsible leader, or, in smaller facilities one employee who will develop and implement the plan.
Procedures for implementation, evaluation, and revision – a viable plan is one that is flexible and evolving. It should be systematically reviewed and revised with the appropriate actions that need to be taken. The original plan should state at what intervals and how the plan will be revised.

58. EDUCATION Educating the workforce
A successful water conservation program starts with educating the workforce.
Supervisors should understand water bills, water usage rates and the company’s water system.
Maintenance personnel should be familiar with water usage within the company. Shop personnel should be instructed on water conservation measures.
Water conservation education should be a continual process.
Educating the workforce
A successful water conservation program starts with educating the workforce. Supervisors should understand water bills, water usage rates and the company’s water system. Maintenance personnel should be familiar with water usage within the company. Shop personnel should be instructed on water conservation measures.
Water conservation education should be a continual process. As new water conservation methods are brought into the marketplace, they should be evaluated for your company’s use. Annual training and/or awareness campaigns should be part of every company’s water conservation program.

59. EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION
Employee Participation and Public Awareness.
Start off your awareness program with a letter to all employees from the head of the company showing full support of the plan.
Use bulletins, newsletters, and paycheck stuffers to communicate policies, programs, ideas etc.
Hold staff meetings to communicate your company’s water conservation plan and progress in water savings.
Promote a suggestion and incentive system and recognize people who have water saving ideas.
Distribute water conservation booklets.
Promote slogan and poster contests.
Employee Participation and Public Awareness. Employee awareness, cooperation, and involvement are critical to the success of a water conservation effort. There are a number of ways in which a company can communicate the importance of water conservation to its employees.
Start off your awareness program with a letter to all employees from the head of the company (CEO, President, owner etc.) showing full support of the plan.
Use bulletins, newsletters, and paycheck stuffers to communicate policies, programs, ideas, and announcements, progress reports and special achievements.
Hold staff meetings to communicate your company’s water conservation plan and progress in water savings.
Promote a suggestion and incentive system and recognize people who have water saving ideas. A suggestion program that rewards employees with a percentage of the first year’s savings has proven to be a very successful motivational vehicle.
Distribute water conservation booklets.
Promote slogan and poster contests.

60. CHECKLIST OF WATER CONSERVATION IDEAS
For interior plumbing:
Do dye-tablet test to check all tank toilets for leaks.
Retrofit showerheads with water-conserving hardware.
Retrofit faucets to flow at 2 gallons/minute or less.
Consider metered, self-closing and automatic sensor faucets.
Retrofit tank-type toilets with dams or water-filled plastic containers as displacement devices.
Consider replacing toilets with “ultra-low” volume models.
Retrofit urinals with flush valves that reduce the volume of water used per flush.
For interior plumbing:
Do dye-tablet test to check all tank toilets for leaks.
Retrofit showerheads with water-conserving hardware or aerators. Water flow should be restricted to 2.5 gallons/minute or less.
Retrofit faucets to reduce flow to 2 gallons/minute or less.
Consider metered faucets (which stay open for a pre-set period of time and then close), self-closing faucets (which close as soon as you let go of the knob) and automatic sensor controlled faucets.
Retrofit tank-type toilets with dams or water-filled plastic containers as displacement devices.
Consider replacing toilets with “ultra-low” volume (ULV) models. These use 1.6 gallons per flush compared with 3.5 to 5/gallons per flush for older models.
Retrofit urinals with flush valves that reduce the volume of water used per flush.

61. CHECKLIST OF WATER CONSERVATION IDEAS
For cooling towers:
Prepare an inventory of each cooling tower, its cooling capability, and the equipment or process it serves.
Meter and record the amount of makeup water added to each tower, and the amount of blow-down water discharged from each tower.
Inventory the chemicals used for the treatment of recirculating cooling tower water.
Tell your chemical vendor(s) that water conservation is a priority at your facility. Ask your vendor(s) to tell you about alternate programs that could reduce the amount of water that is bled-off from cooling towers.
For cooling towers:
Prepare an inventory of each cooling tower, its cooling capability, and the equipment or process it serves.
Meter and record the amount of makeup water added to each tower, and the amount of blow-down water discharged from each tower.
Inventory the chemicals used for the treatment of recirculating cooling tower water.
Tell your chemical vendor(s) that water conservation is a priority at your facility. Ask your vendor(s) to tell you about alternate programs that could reduce the amount of water that is bled-off from cooling towers.

62. CHECKLIST OF WATER CONSERVATION IDEAS
For evaporative coolers:
Be sure coolers have pumps to recirculate the water through them.
Check to make sure there is not an excessive amount of water in the coolers. For a typical small cooler, anything more than a few gallons per hour may be excessive.
Pipe the bleed-off from your coolers to help water a landscaped area.
For evaporative coolers:
Be sure coolers have pumps to recirculate the water through them.
Check to make sure there is not an excessive amount of water in the coolers. For a typical small cooler, anything more than a few gallons per hour may be excessive.
Pipe the bleed-off from your coolers to help water a landscaped area.

63. CHECKLIST OF WATER CONSERVATION IDEAS
For once-through cooling:
Eliminate all uses of “once-through” cooling unless you reuse the water elsewhere for a beneficial purpose.
Many water-cooled equipment can be replaced with air-cooled models.
Connect a recirculating cooling water loop instead of a once-through cooling system.
For once-through cooling:
Eliminate all uses of “once-through” cooling unless you reuse the water elsewhere for a beneficial purpose.
Many water-cooled equipment can be replaced with air-cooled models.
Connect a recirculating cooling water loop instead of a once-through cooling system.

64. TIPS FOR USING CONTRACTORS
Remember, You Control Your Facility or Area!
Review Procedures With Them Before Starting the Job!
Ensure They Are Properly Trained!
Determine Their Environmental Compliance Record!
Determine Who Is in Charge of Their People!
Determine How They Will Affect Your Facility’s Environmental Compliance!
Remember, You Control Your Facility or Area! Do not let contractors violate the law on your property. Take time to review procedures with them before they begin the job. Ensure they are properly trained and know how to follow your businesses Best Management Practices in conserving water.
Before you hire them, investigate their environmental compliance record. Enforcement agencies normally will disclose violators. Before the job begins, find out who is in charge and hold them accountable for maintaining environmental compliance. Before any job begins, determine how the work will affect your facility’s environmental compliance! 88
100 82
100

65. ELEMENTS OF A SUCCESSFUL
UST PROGRAM
DETAILED WRITTEN WATER CONSERVATION PLAN.
2. DETAILED WRITTEN WATER CONSERVATION BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES.
3. EXTENSIVE EMPLOYEE TRAINING PROGRAMS
4. PERIODIC REINFORCEMENT OF TRAINING
5. SUFFICIENT DISCIPLINE REGARDING IMPLEMENTATION
6. PERIODIC FOLLOW-UP
A Successful water conservation program takes work. A successful program incorporates these elements:
DETAILED WRITTEN WATER CONSERVATION PLAN.
2. DETAILED WRITTEN WATER CONSERVATION BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES.
3. EXTENSIVE EMPLOYEE TRAINING PROGRAMS
4. PERIODIC REINFORCEMENT OF TRAINING
5. SUFFICIENT DISCIPLINE REGARDING IMPLEMENTATION
6. PERIODIC FOLLOW-UP 89
101 83
101

66. THE IMPORTANCE OF A CLEAN ENVIRONMENT
“I would ask all of us to remember that protecting our environment is about protecting where we live and how we live. Let us join together to protect our health, our economy, and our communities -- so all of us and our children and our grandchildren can enjoy a healthy and a prosperous life.”
Carol Browner Former EPA Administrator
In closing, it is important to remember the words of Carol Browner, EPA Administrator during the Clinton Administration. She said:
“I would ask all of us to remember that protecting our environment is about protecting where we live and how we live. Let us join together to protect our health, our economy, and our communities -- so all of us and our children and our grandchildren can enjoy a healthy and a prosperous life.” 90 84
102
102