1. NATIONAL INTEREST & ARCTIC SOVEREIGNTY CHAPTER 5

2. NATIONAL INTEREST & TERRITORY National interest often involves claiming sovereignty over territory. In the Arctic, 5 countries claim sovereignty over the islands and claim rights to the seabed.  Canada  United States  Denmark  Norway  Russia

4. RUSSIA’S CLAIM August 2007, Russia claimed part of the 1800km Lomonosov Ridge, which runs under the Arctic Ocean. The Russian government claims that the ridge is part of its continental shelf. Russian scientists mapped part of the ridge, collected soil samples & plant a flag on the seabed at the North Pole. Planting the flag made a symbolic claim to the natural resources that may be buried there.

6. UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, countries have sovereignty over 22.2kms of sea beyond their coastline. Countries also control the resources in and under the sea for 370kms from their coast Proving that the seabed is part of its continental shelf increases the area a country can claim to control

7. WHY IS CLAIMING SOVEREIGNTY IN THE ARCTIC SO IMPORTANT? 1.Climate Change  Arctic ice is melting and may open the Northwest Passage to navigation all year 2.Discovery of Resources  Rich oil, natural gas, gold, tin & diamond deposits in the Arctic seabed  The US Geographical Survey suggests the 25% of the worlds undiscovered oil & gas resources may lie in the Arctic

8. CANADA’S NATIONAL IN THE ARCTIC In August 2007, Prime Minister Stephan Harper announced Canada would protect the sovereignty of its Arctic territory by:  Sending new patrol ships to the Arctic  Increasing aerial surveillance in the region  Expanding the Canadian Ranger program  Building a Canadian Forces Arctic Training Centre in Resolute Bay, Nunavut  Establishing a deep water docking and refueling port at Nanisivik, Nunavut

9. CANADA’S CULTURAL & SECURITY ASPECTS OF NATIONAL INTEREST Harper said Canadians feel a sense of “romantic patriotism” about the Arctic region. “It’s embedded in our history, literature, our art, our music- our Canadian soul,” said Harper Others argue the Arctic is the Inuit homeland and it is linked to their economy, prosperity and culture

11. WHAT CANADIANS THINK ABOUT ARCTIC SOVEREIGNTY