1. APPROACHES and METHODS IN LANGUAGE TEACHING
A BRIEF HISTORY OF LANGUAGE TEACHING

2. A BRIEF HISTORY OF LANGUAGE TEACHING
Foreign language teaching- an important issue
60 percent of the world population is multilingual
Latin – as a language of education, commerce, religion, and government in the western world
Sts. were introduced to the advanced study of grammar and rhetoric (composition of words)
School experiencing with brutal punishments

3. A BRIEF HISTORY OF LANGUAGE TEACHING
French, Italian and English- a language of spoken and written communication = as a result of political changes in Europe
Same system of Latin teaching
Textbooks with grammar rules
Lists of vocabulary to memorize
Sentences for translation

4. A BRIEF HISTORY OF LANGUAGE TEACHING
Speaking a foreign language was not the goal
Oral practice was limited to reading aloud long sentences which were translated
Grammatical system of the language was studied with rules of morphology and syntax
Minimum oral work
Maximum written exercises

5. Grammar Translation Method
The principal characteristics
The goal of foreign language learning is to learn a language in order to read its literature or benefit from the mental discipline
It approaches the language through detailed analysis of grammar rules followed by translating sentences in to the mother tongue
Little attention is paid to speaking and writing, reading and writing are the major focus

6. Grammar Translation Method
The sentence is the basic unit of teaching and language practice. Much of the lesson is devoted to translating sentences
Accuracy is emphasized. Students are expected to attain high standards in translation
The students’ native language is the medium of instruction
Words are taught through bilingual lists, dictionary work and memorization

7. Learner roles
A student in this method is viewed as a processor and passive holder for the information given to him.
This means that he does not influence the process of learning or even other students.
In fact learners are totally dependent on the teacher

8. Teacher roles
The teacher’s role is central as he controls and determines everything in the classroom whether it is content, task or else, as well as correcting immediately the errors made by the students.
This makes learners totally dependent on the teacher as the source of information and direction as well.

9. Reform movement
Communication among Europeans demanded for oral proficiency in foreign languages
The need for speaking proficiency rather than reading comprehension as the goal for foreign language programs
Linguists emphasized that the primary form of language is the speech rather than the written word

10. Reform movement
International Phonetic Association (IPA) 1886 was founded to improve the teaching of modern languages
It advocated
the study of the spoken language
phonetic training in order to establish good pronunciation habits
the use of dialogues to introduce conversational phrases and idioms
an inductive approach to the teaching of grammar
teaching new meanings through establishing associations within the target language

11. Reform movement The Practical Study of Languages by Henry Sweet
Principles for the development of teaching method
careful selection what is to be taught
imposing limits on what is to taught
arranging the four skills as listening, speaking, reading and writing
grading materials from simple to complex

12. The reformers believed that…
the spoken language is primary
the findings of phonetics should be applied to teaching and to teacher training
learners should hear the language first before the written form
words should be presented in sentences and practiced in meaningful contexts
the rules of grammar should be taught only after the students have practiced the grammar points in context- that is, grammar to be taught inductively
translation should be avoided as much as possible