1. Chapter 9: Using Verbs Correctly
The Principal Parts of a Verb
Regular verbs
Irregular verbs
Verb tense
Active and Passive Voice
Special Problems with Verbs
Sit and Set
Lie and Lay
Rise and Raise

2. The Principal Parts of a Verb
Base form (infinitive form)
Present participle
Past
Past participle
Base form: work
Present participle: (is/are) working
Past: worked
Past participle: (has/have) worked

3. Regular verbs
Verbs are regular when their past and past participle forms are made by adding –d or –ed to the base form.
Common mistakes with regular verbs:
He use to work at Supercuts.
Who was suppose to bring Harold?
Several people nearly drownded in the flood.

4. Irregular verbs
Verbs are irregular when their past and past participle forms are created by doing something other than adding –d or –ed.
Examples:
Base form: Past: Past participle:
ring rang (has/have) rung
make made (has/have) made
bring brought (has/have) brought
Remember: brang and brung and considered slang. Don’t use them in formal/academic writing.

5. Common mistakes with irregular verbs:
I have went to the shopping mall.
The past form doesn’t need a helping verb
I seen all her movies.
The past participle form needs a helping verb
The right fielder throwed the ball home.
Don’t add –d or –ed to the base form

6. Exercise 2, p. 193 Use your boards
Provide the correct past or past participle form of the base word in parenthesis
Ex: Nobody knew why he (do) that.
A: did
#1: Did you say the telephone (ring) while I was in the shower?
A: rang

7. Verb tense
The tense of a verb shows the time of an action or a state of being
There are six tenses:
present
past
future
present perfect
past perfect
future perfect

8. The perfect tenses: Present perfect(have/has)
Used to show existing or happening sometime before now; may be continuing now, too.

9. Present perfect examples
I have written letters.
I have seen that movie.
I have completed my assignment.

10. The perfect tenses: Past perfect (had)
Used to show existing or happening before a specific time in the past.
Examples:
I had already done my homework when the teacher halved the assignment.
I had read the book three times before I heard we were reading it for PACK again.

11. The perfect tenses: Future perfect (will/shall have + past participle)
Used to show existing or happening before a specific time in the future.
Examples:
I will have seen and graded your projects by the time Spring Break begins.
We will have lost forty pounds by the time we finish the Insanity Workout regimen.

12. Progressive/continuous aspects
Our language makes no distinction between progressive and continuous tense (some languages do!)
This is not another tense, just another version of the 6 previous tenses
These include some form of be + the present participle form of a verb (-ing)
Cantonese(Literal English)
English Translation
Progressive
我(I) 著(wear) 緊(PROG) 衫(clothes) 。(.)
I am putting on clothes.
Continuous
我(I) 著(wear) 住(CONT) 衫(clothes) 。(.)
I am wearing clothes.

13. Progressive/continuous examples
Base verb: Write Present progressive: am/is/are writing Past progressive: was/were writing Future progressive: will/shall be writing Present perfect progressive: has/have been writing Past perfect progressive: had been writing Future perfect progressive: will/shall have been writing

14. Tense shift – DON’T DO IT WITHOUT A GOOD REASON
Maintain a consistent tense in your writing.
Problems to fix:
When we were comfortable, we begin our homework.
Suddenly the great door opened, and an uninvited guest comes into the dining hall.
Check this one:
Lisa plays basketball now, but last year she was on the softball team.

15. No partner work today
LH 32-33:
Start here
Finish as homework

16. Active and passive voice
Active voice verbs express actions done by a subject
Using active voice helps to make your writing direct and forceful
Passive voice verbs express actions done to a subject
Using passive voice structure often makes writing sound weak and awkward, but is useful when you don’t know who performed an action

17. Active and passive voice examples
Active: The librarian has formed a book club. Passive: A book club was formed by the librarian. Active: The student completed her homework. Passive: The homework was completed by the student. Active: Lucy had planted those marigolds. Passive: Those marigolds had been planted by Lucy.

18. Passive voice: Good for whodunnits
Ex: The flowers were left on the doorstop sometime this afternoon. Ex: The robbery was committed between one and three in the morning.

19. Exercise 5, p. 201 Use your boards
Decide if a sentence is active or passive
Ex: Jared’s birthday dinner was paid for by his uncle.
A: passive
#1: Trees were being blown over by the wind.

20. Special verb problems: Sit and set
Sit: “to rest in an upright, seated position” or “to be in a place” (intransitive- no object)
Set: “to put something in a place” (transitive – has a direct object)
Base form: Present participle: Past: Past Participle:
Sit (is) sitting sat (have) sat
Set (is) setting set (have) set

21. Sit or set? Examples: Let’s sit under the tree. (no object)
Let’s set our backpacks under the tree. (object = backpacks)
The tourists sat on the bench. (no object)
The tourists set their cameras on the bench. (object = cameras)
We had just _______ down when the phone rang.
We had just _______ down our books when the phone rang.
sat
set

22. Exercise 6, p. 202 Use your boards
Pick the correct word in the parenthesis
If the verb has an object, show it
Ex: Please (sit/set) the serving platter on the table.
A: set (platter)
#1: Has he (sat/set) anything down here?
A: set (anything)

23. Special verb problems: Lie and Lay
Lie: “to rest,” “to recline,” or “to be in a place” (intransitive- no object) (like sit)
Lay: “to put something in a place” (transitive – has a direct object) (like set)
Base form: Present participle: Past: Past Participle:
Lie (is) lying lay (have) lain
Lay (is) laying laid (have) laid

24. Lie or Lay?
Examples:
The napkins are lying next to the plates. (no object)
The servers are laying extra napkins beside every plate. (object = napkins)
The soldiers lay very still while the enemy passed. (no object)
The soldiers laid a trap for the enemy. (object = trap)
Rip Van Winkle had _______ asleep for twenty years.
Rip Van Winkle had _______ his knapsack on the ground.
lain
laid

25. Exercise 7, p. 204 Use your boards
Complete the sentence with the correct form of lie or lay
If the verb has an object, show it
Ex: Leo (laid/lay) the USB drive by the computer.
A: laid (USB drive (or drive))
#1: After the race, Andretti (laid/lay) his helmet on the car.
A: laid (helmet)

26. Special verb problems: Rise and Raise
Rise: “to go up” or “to get up” (intransitive- no object)
Raise: “to lift up” or “to cause (something) to rise” (transitive – has a direct object) (like set)
Base form: Present participle: Past: Past Participle:
Rise (is) rising rose (have) risen
Raise (is) raising raised (have) raised

27. Rise or Raise? Examples:
My neighbors rise very early in the morning. (no object)
My neighbors raise their shades very early in the morning. (object = shades)
Sparks rose from the flames of the campfire. (no object)
The breeze raised sparks high into the air. (object = sparks)
The senators have _______ from their seats to show respect.
The senators have _______ a number of important issues.
risen
raised

28. Exercise 9, p. 206 Use your boards
Complete the sentence with the correct form of rise or raise
If the verb has an object, show it
Ex: Please (raise/rise) your hand if you’re finished.
A: raise (hand)
#1: The steam was (rising/raising) from the pot of soup.
A: rising