1. Non Infectious Diseases
Unit 6 Lesson 2

2. Health Class Disease Unit Page Due May Friday May 22nd
Getting Started
Weekly Reminders
Disease Unit Page Due May Friday May 22nd
Vocabulary
Make sure to number and underline
Crossword
Review Questions
Pick up new Non-Infectious Disease Notes Page on the front TA desk.
We will be taking notes today.
If you were not here yesterday the new unit page is on the second white shelf by the flag.
Class Objectives
Identify the difference between non-infectious and infectious disease.
Describes ways in which non-infectious disease occur.
Explain ways to reduce risks of getting a non- infectious disease.

3. Starter Quiz
Describe how a vaccine makes you immune to a specific disease.
Be specific
Include the immune response
B-cells
T-cells
Antibodies

4. Infectious Disease Lesson Review
In the last lesson we learned that infectious disease are caused by germs / pathogens.
We also learned that the germs / pathogens can be transmitted between person, animal, food, or object.

5. Non Infectious Diseases
A non infectious disease is a disease that is not caused by a germ / pathogen.
Non infectious disease cannot be transmitted from person, animal, food, or object.

6. Non Infectious Disease
This means:
You can’t sneeze on someone
Get bit by a dog
Drink infected water or food
Touch a surface
And get a non-infectious disease

7. Non Infectious Disease
Non infectious diseases can be caused by many different things.
Some people are more at risk for certain non infectious disease than others.

8. Risk Factors
Risk factors is a characteristic or behavior that raises a person’s chance of getting a noninfectious disease.

9. Risk Factors Some risk factors you have no control over like: Age
Gender
Race
Heredity

10. Risk Factors Some risk factors you do have control over like
Diet and Weight
Injuries
Lifestyle choices
Wearing a helmet
Avoiding drugs and alcohol
Exercising Daily

11. Types of Non-Infectious Diseases
There are several categories of non-infectious disease.
Some of the common include:
Hereditary
Metabolic
Neurological
Environmental
Accidents and Injuries
Cancer

12. Hereditary
Hereditary Diseases are diseases caused by defective genes inherited by a child from one or both parents.
They are caused by changes in the structure of the genes

13. Examples of Hereditary Diseases
Sickle Cell: Red blood are miss shaped making it difficult to carry oxygen

14. Examples of Hereditary Diseases
Down Syndrome: A third chromosome shows up on the 21st pair.

15. Examples of Hereditary Diseases
Cystic Fibrosis: The body creates too much mucus making it hard to breathe and digest food

16. Examples of Hereditary Diseases
Hemophilia: The body cannot clot blood.

17. Examples of Hereditary Diseases
Muscular Dystrophy: Muscles slowly start to atrophy over time making it difficult to move and maintain body posture.

18. Metabolic and Nutritional Diseases
Metabolic and nutritional diseases deal with the bodies inability to digest foods properly.

19. Examples of Metabolic Diseases
Diabetes: The pancreases stops producing insulin or it produces insulin that does not work
Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels
Some one with diabetes will have higher blood sugar levels which causes damage to organs

20. Examples of Metabolic Diseases
Celiac Disease: The person cannot digest gluten.
Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye.
The gluten causes damage to the small intestines making it difficult for other nutrients to be absorbed.

21. Examples of Metabolic Diseases
PKU: An inherited disease that prevents a person from metabolizing the essential amino acid phenylalanine.
Too much phenylalanine can cause mental retardation, seizures, and learning disabilities.

22. Health Class Disease Unit Page Due Friday May 22nd
Getting Started
Weekly Reminders
Disease Unit Page Due Friday May 22nd
Vocabulary
Make sure to number and underline
Crossword
Review Questions
Take out Non-Infectious Disease
We will be taking notes today.
If you were not here yesterday the notes are on the front TA desk
The new unit page is on the second white shelf by the flag.
Class Objectives
Identify the difference between non-infectious and infectious disease.
Describes ways in which non-infectious disease occur.
Explain ways to reduce risks of getting a non- infectious disease.

23. Neurological Diseases
Neurological diseases are primarily diseases of the brain, spinal cord, and neurons.

24. Examples of Neurological Diseases
Cerebral Palsy: Brain damage that is caused by the lack of oxygen reaching the brain at birth or shortly after birth, head injury, or infection.
Cerebral palsy causes varying degrees of severity in controlling muscle movement.

25. Examples of Neurological Diseases
Alzheimer’s is a degenerative brain disorder causing loss of memory, change in behaviors, and inability to do everyday tasks.

26. Examples of Neurological Diseases
Multiple Sclerosis is caused by the immune system attacking the protective myelin sheath around nerves.
The damage causes singles sent from the brain to the rest of the body to short-circuit.

27. Examples of Neurological Diseases
Seizures happen when the brain’s nerve cells give off several electric signals at one time.
This causes messages to be sent to the body to twitch and jerk.
There are many causes of seizures:
Fever
Injury
Drugs
Unknown reasons

28. Examples of Neurological Diseases
Strokes happen when part of a blood vessel leading to the brain is blocked or ruptures.
The lack of oxygen causes and damage to that part of the brain.
Many things can cause strokes to happens:
Injury
High Blood Pressure
Old Age

29. Environmental Diseases
Often times our environment can cause non-infectious diseases
Our environment is all the living and nonliving things around you

30. Examples of Environmental Diseases
Allergies occur when your immune system has an abnormal reaction to an ordinary substance.
Many things can cause allergies:
Food
Pollen
Medication
Animals/Insects

31. Examples of Environmental Diseases
Asthma is when the bronchiole airways leading to the lungs get smaller making it harder to breathe.
Many things can cause asthma:
Allergies
Infections
Stress
Exercise

32. Examples of Environmental Diseases
Emphysema happens when the tiny air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs are damaged.
This makes it difficult for oxygen to leave the lungs and enter the capillaries.
The primary cause of emphysema is smoking.

33. Examples of Environmental Diseases
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is caused when a pregnant mother drinks alcohol.
The alcohol causes damage to the unborn baby.
Learning problems
Hyperactivity
ADHD
Growth delays
Facial Features

34. Examples of Environmental Diseases
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome is the unexplained death of a healthy baby after being put to bed.
Some risk factors include:
Premature babies
Parents who smoke
Sleeping on stomach
Soft bedding and blankets

35. Accidents and Injuries
Sometimes non-infectious diseases can be caused by accidents and injuries to our bodies.
Accidents are the leading cause of death for children ages years of age.
There are approximately 800,000 children who die from accidents alone every year.

36. Accidents and Injuries
Accidental injuries are also the most common non-infectious medical problem among young people.
An accident is any unexpected event that causes damage, injury, and death.

37. How to Prevent Accidents & Injuries
Don’t drink alcoholic beverages.
Alcoholic beverages play a large role in automobile and swimming accidents.
Don’t use drugs or chemicals that are not prescribed by a doctor.
The consumption of chemicals and drugs can cause sever brain damage, organ failure, and death.
Don’t play with guns or explosives.
Always wear a well fitting helmet when riding a bicycle, skateboarding, or skiing/snowboarding.
Always wear protective equipment while participating in sports.
Learn CPR and basic first aid skills.
Wear a seatbelt every time you ride in a car.

38. Cancer
Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells grow uncontrollably and invade /destroy healthy tissues.

39. How Cancer Happens
Normal cells make copies of themselves to form new cells.
Sometimes in cell division the instruction for a the new cell can change the DNA of the cell.
This change in the DNA changes the size, shape, and behavior of the cell.

40. How Cancer Happens This happens more frequently than we think.
Most of the time the abnormal cell just dies.
But, if an abnormal cell divides, it make a copy of the abnormal DNA.

41. How Cancer Happens
The more the abnormal cells divide the more space they are taking up where normal cells should be.
This causes the organ or tissue to not work correctly.

42. How Cancer Happens
Carcinogens are things that can cause the change in DNA of a cell.
Examples of common carcinogens:
Pollution
Smoke
UV rays
Radiation
Drugs
Chemicals

43. How Cancer Happens
When abnormal cells continue to grow they can form a mass called a tumor.

44. How Cancer Happens There are two types of cancer cells.
Malignant cancer cells continue to multiply and spread to other parts of they body.
Malignant cancer cells are life threatening.

45. How Cancer Happens
Benign cancer cells do not spread to other areas of the body.
They are not life threatening

46. How Cancer Happens
The only way to know what type of cancer cells are growing is by a biopsy.
A biopsy is a sample of tissue that is removed from the patient and analyzed by a specialist.

47. How Cancer Happens Cancer can happen anywhere in the body.
Some cancers grow and spread quickly, while others grow more slowly.

48. How Cancer Happens
Because it can happen anywhere and to anyone, it is important to know the signs and symptoms of cancer.
The sooner a patient can receive treatment the better the chances are of recovery.

49. Warning Signs of Cancer
C – change in bowel or bladder habits
A – a sore that does not heal
U – unusual bleeding or discharge
T – thickening or lump anywhere
I – indigestion or difficulty swallowing
O – obvious change in a wart or mole
N – nagging cough or hoarseness

50. 7 Warning Signs of Cancer
Change in bowel or bladder habits
Some changes could be:
Diarrhea
Frequent urination
Urination stream starting and stopping

51. 7 Warning Signs of Cancer
A sore that does not heal.
Sores that appear on the skin for no reason and do not go away
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Bleeding and discharge from body openings that cannot be explained

52. 7 Warning Signs of Cancer
Remember that when cancer cells form they create a tumor.
It is important that you are aware of any lumps that may develop.
Girls need to be especially mindful of lumps in their breast tissue.
This could be a sign of breast cancer.
Boys need to be mindful of lumps or changes in their testis.
This could be a sign of testicular cancer.
Thickening or lump anywhere on the body.

53. 7 Warning Signs of Cancer
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing.
Indigestion is an uncomfortable feeling or difficulty in digesting food.
Concern should be raised when indigestion goes on for a long period of time or can’t be explain.

54. 7 Warning Signs of Cancer
Obvious change in wart or mole.
Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in both males and females.
Changes in a wart of mole can indicate the beginning of skin cancer.

55. The ABC’s of Skin Cancer

56. The ABC’s of Skin Cancer

57. 7 Warning Signs of Cancer
Nagging cough or hoarseness
If the cough or hoarsens lasts for long periods of time and cannot be explained by other infections.

58. Treating Cancer There are three main forms of treatment of cancer.
Surgery
Chemotherapy
Radiation
Although there are other treatments for cancer, these are the three main methods used.

59. Treating Cancer
Surgery: Doctors remove cancer cells from the body. In some cases this could include removing large parts if not all of an organ.
This works best if cancer that has not spread to any other part of the body.

60. Treating Cancer
Chemotherapy: Chemicals are used to destroy cancer cells.
These chemicals not only kill cancer cells, they can also kill healthy cells as well.
This method is used to fight cancers that have spread to other parts of the body.

61. Treating Cancer
Radiation: High energy rays from a radioactive materials are used to shrink or kill cancers cells.
This method is usually used in combination with surgery and chemotherapy.

62. Treatment and Cure
Because noninfectious disease are not caused by germs, there are no vaccines or antibiotics to make someone immune.
We can however treat people with noninfectious diseases.

63. Treatment and Cure
Treatments are procedures and medications that help slow down a noninfectious disease or helps the person live with the disease.
Cure means to get rid of the disease.
Sadly there are not many cures for noninfectious diseases

64. Quick Check A ____ is a mass of abnormal cells.
If your immune system overreacts to something in the environment, you probably have a(n) ______.
A(n) ______ tumor is cancerous and may be life threatening.
A(n) ______ is a characteristic or behavior that raises your chances of getting a noninfectious disease.
______are procedures and medications that help slow down a noninfectious disease or helps the person live with the disease.
_____ means to get rid of the disease.
List three types of carcinogens
Explain why it is important for people who have inherited risk factors for heart disease to eat a healthy diet and get plenty of exercise.

65. Quick Check A TUMOR is a mass of abnormal cells.
If your immune system overreacts to something in the environment, you probably have a(n) ALLERGY.
A(n) MALIGNANT tumor is cancerous and may be life threatening.
A(n) RISK FACTOR is a characteristic or behavior that raises your chances of getting a noninfectious disease.
TREATMENTS are procedures and medications that help slow down a noninfectious disease or helps the person live with the disease.
CURE means to get rid of the disease.
List three types of carcinogens
Pollution
Smoke
UV rays
Radiation
Drugs
Chemicals
Explain why it is important for people who have inherited risk factors for heart disease to eat a healthy diet and get plenty of exercise.