1. Leading Causes and Actual Causes of Death
OBJ: 9.PCH.1.4
Design Strategies for Reducing Risks for Chronic Diseases

2. When health is absent: Wisdom cannot reveal itself, Art cannot become manifest, Strength cannot be exerted, Wealth becomes useless, and Reason is powerless.
Not being healthy affects all areas of a person’s quality of life.
Being healthy is important in helping a person achieve their goals in life.

3. Health literacy is the degree to which individuals can obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services they need to make appropriate health decisions.  National Health Education Standards, 2007

4. Leading Causes of Death
Lifestyle (%)
Environment (%)
Heredity
(%)
1. Cardiovascular
Diseases 54 9 25
2. Cancer 37 24 29
3. Stroke 50 22 21

5. Actual Causes of Death Cardiovascular Disease Cancer Stroke Tobacco
Lack of Physical Activity
Poor Nutrition
Excessive Alcohol Consumption
Cancer
Stroke

6. Chronic Diseases An illness which is ongoing
Referred to as “degenerative” because they break down organs
Today, these conditions often result from one’s LIFESTYLE
Behavioral choices – food, physical activity, safety practices

7. Chronic Diseases are the Leading Causes of Death and Disability in the U.S.
7 out of 10 deaths among Americans each year are from chronic diseases
Heart Disease, cancer, and stroke account for more than 50% of all deaths each year
Chronic Diseases are among the most common, costly, and PREVENTABLE of all health problems in the U.S.

8. Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
What is it?
A disease that affects the circulatory system (heart and/or blood vessels)
2 Types
Hypertension
Atherosclerosis

9. Cardiovascular Disease
HYPERTENSION – high blood pressure
Can damage blood vessels and heart over a long period of time
“Silent Killer” – often has early symptoms
Most common in people over the age of 35
Prevention – eat healthfully, exercise regularly, and manage your
weight

10. Cardiovascular Disease
ATHEROSCLEROSIS – a disease where there is an accumulation of plaque on artery walls
Typically caused by unhealthy food choices that are high in saturated fats and cholesterol
Leads to Arteriosclerosis – plaque builds up on the walls to the point where it causes the artery to harden
Can also lead to strokes and heart attacks

11. Cardiovascular Disease
BEHAVIORAL FACTORS
Smoking
Poor Diet
Lack of Physical Activity
Alcohol Abuse
Obesity
Poor Stress Management
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
Stressful Workplace

12. Cancer
What is it?
The uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells

13. Cancer
Tumor
an abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the body
Often associated as being cancer, but that is not always the case.
2 types of tumors
Benign = non-cancerous, grows slowly without spreading
Malignant = cancerous, spreads to other organs and parts of the body

14. Skin Cancer Also known as “carcinoma”
Symptoms: changes on the skin, a mole or freckle that changes, or a sore that wont heal
Behavioral Factors:
Exposure to sun or radiation
Failure to use sunscreen/clothing/shade
Use of tanning beds
Environmental Factors:
Depletion of ozone layer
Lack of shade
Time of day,
Occupation

15. Lung Cancer Also classified as a carcinoma.
Typically no immediate symptoms, but later there is a severe cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing up blood, and hoarseness
Behavioral Factors:
Smoking
General air pollution
Environmental Factors:
Exposure to radon, asbestos

16. Diabetes
The inability of the body to metabolize sugar because of lack of insulin
Either the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin (insulin resistance)
Behavioral Factors:
Obesity
Diet high in fat and
calories
Physical inactivity

17. Osteoporosis What is it?
A condition in which there is a progressive loss of bone tissue
Behavioral Factors:
Lack of physical activity (especially weight training and weight bearing physical activity)
Lack of calcium and vitamin D in diet

18. Bronchitis
What is it?
An inflammation of the bronchi caused by infection or exposure to irritants such as tobacco smoke or air pollution.
Causes the bronchi to produce excess amounts of mucus, which block the airways causing coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath
Behavioral Factors:
Smoking
Choice of occupation
Environmental Factors:
General air pollution
Asbestos in buildings
Secondhand smoke

19. Emphysema
A disease that progressively destroys the walls of the alveoli
Almost always caused by cigarette smoke
Behavioral Factors:
Smoking
Choice of occupation
Environmental Factors:
General pollution
Asbestos in buildings
Secondhand smoke

20. 3 Levels of Disease and Injury Control
Primary Prevention
Eating nutritiously
Exercising regularly
Avoiding harmful substances (i.e. tobacco)
Secondary Control
Early detection: medical exams and self- examination
Tertiary
Treatment Level

21. American Cancer Society’s Seven Warning Signs of Cancer
Change in bowel or bladder habits
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing
Obvious change in wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness

22. Early Detection Can Save Lives
The American Cancer
Breast
Society believes that
Colon
early detection
Rectum
examinations and tests
Cervix
can help save lives and
Prostate
reduce suffering from
Testis (testicles)
cancers of the:
Oral cavity (mouth)
Skin