1. Sickle-cell anemia By: Cliff Stoutenburg Chemeketa Paramedic Program Sickle Cell

2. History of the disease Explained in 1904 by James B. Herrick Disease named in 1922 High infant mortality rate, history of condition traces back to 1670s African americans using tar soap Demonstration of SCA in 1949

3. What is sickle-cell anemia(SCA) Common? –Affects 72,000 Americans –1 in 400 African Americans have SCA Blood disorder –Mutation of hemoglobin –Decreases cell flexibility –Destroyed in liver/spleen Sickle cell traits

4. SCA

5. What is SCA, cont. Who does it affect? –More common in regions with high case of malaria How do you get it? –Can you get it from touching a person with it? Does it make carrier immune to malaria

6. What is SCA, cont. Specific form of sickle-cell disease –Other forms of sickle-cell disease HbSC

7. Signs/Symptoms Signs and symptoms –Hypoxia –Increased acidity –Dehydration –SOB –Tachycardia –Delayed growth

8. S/S –Jaundice –Chronic abdominal pain –General weakness –Joint pain –Fever –Vomiting –Hematuria(blood in urine)

9. S/S –Priapism –Decreased fertility –Excessive thirst –Chest pain

10. Complications Vaso-occlusive crisis Severe Infections Spleen Crisis Stroke

11. Complications (cont.) Acute Chest Syndrome Anemia Aplastic Crisis Bone Necrosis Kidney Infarct

12. Complications (cont.) Renal failure Pulmonary Hypertension Congestive heart failure Hand and Foot Syndrome Cholecystitis Average life expectancy

13. Treatment Can you be tested? –Hemoglobin electrophoresis Is there a cure? –Some success with bone marrow transplant (Blood)

14. Treatment Severe cases –Managed with opioid administration Diphenhydramine –Antibiotics –Bone marrow transplants –Hydroxyurea –Vanillin –EPO –Supplement oxygen

15. Treatment Mild cases –Acetaminophen –NSAIDs –Folic acid –Supplement oxygen –Avoid extreme hot or cold weather –Avoid exertion –Stay hydrated!!!

16. Future treatment Studies –Nitric oxide –Clotrimazole –Butyric acid

17. Myths SCA contagious? Affects only African-Americans? People with SCA cannot get malaria?

18. Work cited page 1.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle- cell_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle- cell_disease 2.http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Disea ses/Sca/SCA_WhatIs.htmlhttp://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Disea ses/Sca/SCA_WhatIs.html 3.http://www.mamashealth.com/sickle_cell. asphttp://www.mamashealth.com/sickle_cell. asp 4.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcg i?rid=gnd.section.98http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcg i?rid=gnd.section.98 5.http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,50 54,00.htmlhttp://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,50 54,00.html