1. Some additional words about cloud computing
Lionel Brunie
National Institute of Applied Science (INSA)
LIRIS Laboratory/DRIM Team – UMR CNRS 5205
Lyon, France
Master course /03/2017

2. What’s a Cloud ?
"A Cloud is a type of parallel and distributed system consisting of a collection of interconnected and virtualized computers that are dynamically provisioned and presented as one or more unified computing resources based on service-level agreements established through negotiation between the service provider and consumers” (Buyya et al.)
“A large-scale distributed computing paradigm that is driven by economies of scale, in which a pool of abstracted, virtualized, dynamically-scalable, managed computing power, storage, platforms, and services are delivered on demand to external customers over the Internet” (Foster et al.)
Start point: October/November IBM Blue Cloud
Master course /03/2017

3. Types of clouds Public clouds (or external clouds)
resources are dynamically provisioned on a fine-grained, self-service basis over the Internet, via Web applications or Web services.
the cloud is hosted, operated, and managed by a third-party vendor from one or more data/computing centers
organizations/customers lease shared resources from public clouds, effectively becoming infrastructure tenants rather than owners
computing becomes a public utility
Private clouds (or internal clouds) emulate cloud computing on private networks
Hybrid clouds merge multiple internal and/or external clouds
Master course /03/2017

4. IaaS, PaaS, SaaS Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
provides computing environments/infrastructure i.e., hardware, software
the provisioned infrastructure can dynamically scale up and down depending on the actual needs
Amazon EC2 and S3
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
high-level integrated environment to build and deploy applications
restrictions on the type of applications
but scalable platform
Google’s App Engine for deploying Web applications
Software as a Service (SaaS)
delivers software to consumers through the Internet
Salesforce: online CRM (Customer Relationship Management) Services ; Live Mesh from Microsoft: files and folders synchronization
Master course /03/2017

5. Other XaaS offerings Storage as a Service
Data(base) as a Service (DaaS)
Process as a Service - Business Process as a Service
Network as a Service (NaaS)
Integration as a Service 
Security as a Service - Identity as a Service
Testing as a Service
Master course /03/2017

6. Visit of a Cloud vendor web site
« Values to customers include:
Reducing IT management complexity and skill requirements
Sharing resources among multiple applications
Accelerating application launches
Supporting both existing and emerging, data-intensive workloads
Master course /03/2017

7. Characteristics From the customer point of view:
Scalability
Reliability
Flexibility
Cost
Security and Privacy
Performance
Ubiquitous and fast access
Quality of Service
Service Level Agreement
Pricing system
Simple to use
From the internal point of view
Virtualization
« Grid » management
Master course /03/2017

8. Comparison of some cloud platforms
From Foster et al.
Master course /03/2017

9. Example: Amazon EC2/S3 Compute Cloud EC2 (Elastic Cloud Computing)
pricing:
« private » virtualized servers (« instances ») of different types
example: High-CPU Extra Large Instance
7 GB of memory
20 EC2 Compute Units
1690 GB Storage
Pricing on a per hour basis for each instance type: from $0.085/hour for the small standard "On-Demand" virtual machine running Linux to 29x more for the largest one running Windows (Jan. 2011). The data transfer charge ranges from $0.08 to $0.15 per gigabyte, depending on the volume
Data Cloud S3 (Simple Storage Service)
pricing:
from $0.055 to $0.14 per GB-month (standard storage), + bandwidth usage (from $0.05 to 0.12 per GB – EU price) + requests (from $0.001 to $0.01 per 1000 requests)
556 stored billion objects (Oct. 2011) (Marc 2010: 102 billion objects)
data transfer is charged by TB / month data transfer, depending on the source and target of such transfer.
Master course /03/2017

10. Example : Microsoft Azure Fabric
Type d’instance
Processeur
Mémoire
Stockage
Performance I/O
Petite
1.6 GHz
1.75 Go
225 Go
Moyenne
2 x 1.6 GHz
3.5 Go
490 Go
Élevée
Grande
4 x 1.6 GHz
7 Go
1 To
« Extra » grande
8 x 1.6 GHz
14 Go
2.04 To
Master course /03/2017

11. Microsoft Azure SLA Compute : Storage
connection to the « Compute » service > 99,95%
Web and Worker roles > 99,9%
note : service interruption  interruption > 5 mn
Storage
« failed » transactions (error rate) < 0,1%
credit = 10%
if 0,1% <= error rate < 1%
Credit = 25%
if error rate >= 1%
Master course /03/2017

12. Windows Azure: pricing (1st sem 2012)
Traitement
Tarif unitaire
24h/24 pendant un mois (30 j.)
24h/24 pendant un an (365 j.)
Petite instance(1) (par défaut)
0,0852 €/h € €
Instance moyenne(1)
0,1703 €/h € €
Grande instance(1)
0,3405 €/h € €
Instance « extra » grande(1)
0,6809 €/h € €
Stockage
Espace de stockage
0,0993 €/Go stocké/mois
Transaction
0,0071 €/ transaction de stockage
Content Delivery Network (CDN)
Transfert depuis Europe/Am. du nord
0,1064 €/Go de données transférées
Transfert depuis une autre région
0,1419 €/Go de données transférées
Transactions
0,0071 €/ transactions
Master course /03/2017

13. SQL Azure: pricing (1st sem 2012)
Web edition
BDD relationnelle jusqu’à 1 Go
7,085 €/mois l’unité
BDD relationnelle jusqu’à 5 Go
35,425 €/mois l’unité
Business edition
BDD relationnelle jusqu’à 10 Go
70,913 €/mois l’unité
BDD relationnelle jusqu’à 20 Go
141,826 €/mois l’unité
BDD relationnelle jusqu’à 30 Go
212,739 €/mois l’unité
BDD relationnelle jusqu’à 40 Go
283,652 €/mois l’unité
BDD relationnelle jusqu’à 50 Go
354,565 €/mois l’unité
Master course /03/2017

14. Windows Azure Platform AppFabric: pricing (1st sem 2012)
Contrôle d’accès
1,4114 €/ transactions
Bus de service
Connexion à l’unité (en “pay as you go”)
2,8298 €/connexion
Pack de 5 connexions
7,0566 €
Pack de 25 connexions
35,2827 €
Pack de 100 connexions
141,1308 €
Pack de 500 connexions
705,654 €
Transfert de données
Europe et Amérique du nord
Entrant
Gratuit (2010 : 0,071 €/Go)
Sortant
0,1064 €/Go
Asie/Pacifique
Gratuit (2010 : 0,2128 €/Go)
0,1419 €/Go (2010 : 0,3192 €/Go)
See also offers:
Master course /03/2017

15. Comparison of 3 cloud service offerings (1st sem. 2010)
Offre
Instances a la demande
Instances réservées
Transfert de
données
Stockage
Monitoring
Load
balancing
Linux
Windows
Espace de stockage
Requêtes
Amazon EC2
0.095~
2.68$/h
0.12~
2.88$/h
0.04~1.12$/h ou
115~6370$/an
0.06~1.38$/h
Entrant :
0.10$/G
Sortant:
0.08~0.15$/Go
0.11~0.15$/Go
mensuel
~0.11$/
million
de requêtes
0.015$/
instance-heure
0.028$/
Répartiteur-heure
Google
0,10$/CPU-heure
0.10$/Go,
0.12$/Go
0.15$/Go
Microsoft
0,12$/h
0,10$/Go,
Sortant :
0,15$/Go
0,01$/ 10k
requêtes
Master course /03/2017

16. Cloud Market Gartner: IDC [BBE10]:
identifies the Cloud as one of the four trends that will change IT and the economy in the next 10 years (
predicts that the value of Cloud Computing will surge to billion dollars by 2013
expects SaaS demand to continue to growth to a total of more than 14 billion dollars by 2013
IDC [BBE10]:
the market for private enterprise Cloud servers will grow from an $8.4 billion opportunity in 2010, to a $12.6 billion market in 2014
SaaS revenue will grow five times more than traditional software
by 2014, about 34% of all new business software purchases will be consumed via SaaS.
Steve Ballmer (Microsoft's CEO) (March 2010):
about 75% (90% in a year) of Microsoft customers are doing entirely cloud based or entirely cloud inspired
Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA):
33% among all European organizations are using cloud computing systems
Master course /03/2017

17. PaaS types
Master course /03/2017

18. Some cloud clients Master course 2011-2012 - 26/03/2017
"FedEx, State Street Bank, Northrop Grumman and multiple U.S. Government agencies."
Toyota, Whirlpool, ESPN, UPS, Philips, …
Parallels, CapitalSource bank, aspire, …
spongecell, zendesk,…
CA Lyon, Société Générale, Virgin Mobile, webster, …
BestBuy, Ubisoft, …
Deutsche Bank, Ernst & Young, Honda, Heineken, Allianz
Best Buy, Flightcaster, Shopify,…
Stora enso, Mondi paper, SCA, Sandvik Steel, Lindel, Nynas
simco electronics, media news group, NES, US Data corporation,…
CBS Outdoor, San Francisco courts, Washington state, Victorinox, Primagas, …
3M, Siemens, City of Miami, GoGrid,…
AIG, AMD, Mastercard, Vodafone, …
national geomatica, CI privés, africa inland mission
Dell, Häagen-Dazs, AOL, Canon, …
sitemasher, D3 security, piranha games, …
Delta airlines, FedEx, Vodafone, Pirelli, …
SEDS, ecounting, head start, dfg, …
pixar, sony, harvard, unesco, …
Master course /03/2017

19. A market oriented vision of a cloud based IT world
From Buyya et al.
Master course /03/2017