1. AN OVERVIEW OF BIOTECHNOLGY DEVELOPMENT IN NEPAL

2. BIOTECHNOLOGY MAY BE A NEW WORD NOT NEW PRACTICE

3. UNDERSTOOD VARIOUSLY DEVELOPED COUNTRIES USACANADAUK RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGIES

4. DEVELOPING COUNTRIES SAARC MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGIES CELL FUSION TISSUE CULTURE EMBRYO TRANSFER IMMUNOLOGY FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY

5. NEPAL TECHNIQUE USING LIVING ORGANISMS OR SUBSTANCES FROM ORGANISMS TO MAKE OR MODIFY A PRODUCT TO IMPROVE PLANTS OR ANIMALS TO DEVELOP MICROORGANISMS FOR SPECIFIC USES

6. PRACTICAL VIEWPOINT MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE WORKING TOGETHER IN HARMONY *BIOLOGY *PHYSICS *CHEMISTRY *MATHEMATICS *ENGINEERING

7. RECENT ACHIEVENTS & ADVANCES IN GENETIC ENGINEERING “SPLIT THE HAIR” OLD BIOTECHNOLOGY NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY TRADITIONAL & NATIONAL HERITAGE OF NEPAL

8. TRADITIONALBIOTECHNOLOGY IN NEPAL FERMENTATION KODO, RICE, SAKHAR INTO ALCOHOL LEAFY VEGETABLES INTO GUNDRUK BROWNING OF RICE INTO HAKU JAKI PICKLING OF FRUITS JUTE OR NALU FROM BARK OF HEMP DUNG AS FERTILIZER DUNG CAKE AS FUEL FOR COOKING

9. NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY IN NEPAL FIELD OF APPLICATION AGRICULTURE FORESTRY ENVIRONMENT/SANITATION EDUCATION FOOD HEALTH ENERGY VETERINARY

10. TYPE OF TECHNIQUES WIDELY USED PLANT TISSUE CULTURE MICROBIAL CULTURE LITTLE USE MERISTEM CULTURE RECOMBINANT DNA ANTHER CULTURE BOTANICAL PEST CONTROL PHROMONE MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGICAL CONTROL PROTEIN PROFILE TECHNIQUE ELISA TECHNIQUE CONVENTIONAL BREEDING BIOASSAY AGROTECHNIQUE ENZYMOLOGY CALLUS CULTURE FLORICULTURE

11. THRUST AREAS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY *CLONAL PROPAGATION *MERISTEM CULTURE *GERM PLASM CONSERVATION *POLLEN AND ANTHER CULTURE *Genetic engineering for insect/pest resistance *Genetic engineering for herbicide resistance *Genetic engineering for virus resistance *Embryo rescue

12. MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY BIOFERTILIZER BIOINSECTICIDE SINGLE CELL PROTEIN PRODUCTION INDUSTRIAL ENZYME BIO-ENERGY

13. ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY IMPROVED ANIMAL PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVED ANIMAL PRODUCTION IMPROVED ANIMAL HEALTH AQUATIC BIOTECHNOLOGY FISHERY AQUACULTURE

14. STATUS OF BIOTECH PROJECTS MAJORITY AIMED AT PROPAGATING DEVELOPED TECHNIQUES AT SUITABLE LEVEL MOST R & D STILL AT LABORATORY PHASE A FEW TRANSFERRED TO LAND TRIAL

15. EXPENDITURE ON BIOTECH ACTIVITIES GOVERNMENT AND UNIVERSITY FUND-- --- NOMINAL INVESTMENT IN RESEARCH BY INDUSTRY-----NON-EXISTENT EXTERNAL FUNDING AGENCIES : ROCKFELLER FOUNDATION USAID, JICA, IFS, FAO, ODA (UK), ADB LARGEST FUNDING$ 150,000/-

16. HUMAN RESOURCES IN BIOTECH ACTIVITY MASTER LEVEL57% DOCTORATE LEVEL32% TRAINING LONG & SHORT COURSES MAINLY TISSUE CULTURE TO: FARMERS, M.Sc. & Ph.D.s

17. MEANS OF COMMUNICATION OCCASIONAL PAPERS ANNUAL REPORTS NATIONAL JOURNALS + BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS + HIMALAYAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCES + BANKO JANAKARI

18. PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES DISSEMINATION OF IMPORTANCE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AMONG POLICY MAKERS, PLANNERS, GENERAL PUBLIC SHARING EXPERIENCES AMONG SCIENTISTS INVOLVED IN BIOTECH NEPAL BIOTECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY SOCIETY OF NEPAL

19. ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN BIOTECH ACTIVITIES GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS AUTONOMOUS ORGANIZATIONS TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY PURBANCHAL UNIVERSITY POKHARA UNIVERSITY PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS

20. TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY OLDEST AND LARGEST M. Sc. PROGRAM IN BIOTECHNOLOGY KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY B. Sc. IN BIOTECHNOLOGY PURBANCHAL UNIVERSITY POKHARA UNIVERSITY B. Sc. IN BIOCHEMISTRY

21. CURRENT STATUS OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY LIMITED TO TISSUE CULTURE PUBLIC LABORATORIES DEVELOP PROTOCOLS PRIVATE LABORATORIES USE PROTOCOLS FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSE

22. PROSPECT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN NEPAL MAJOR CRISES DISEASE HUNGER ENERGY SHORTAGE ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION POLLUTION

23. REVOLUTIONARY ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY POVERTY ALLEVIATION REDUCING DEPRIVATION SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES MAINTAINING A CLEANER ENVIRONMENT

24. NATIONAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY FOR NEPAL FOCUS ON TISSUE CULTURE *TO PROVIDE GENETICALLY IMPROVED SEEDLINGS *LARGE SCALE PRODUCTION OF VALUABLE SPECIES FOR MASSIVE FUEL WOOD FODDER TIMBER

25. MAJOR AREAS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR NEPAL 1.PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY PLANT TISSUE CULTURE CALLUS CULTURE MERISTEM CULTURE IN-VITRO EMBRYO RESCUE POLLEN AND ANTHER CULTURE GENETIC ENGINEERING

26. 2. MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY BIOFERTILIZERS INDUSTRIAL ENZYMES SINGLE CELL PROTEIN PRODUCTION BIOPESTICIDES BIO-ENERGY PRODUCTION FOOD PRESERVATION MINERAL LEACHING

27. 3. ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY IMPROVED ANIMAL HEALTH IMPROVED ANIMAL PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVED ANIMAL REPRODUCTION

28. 4. MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY RAPID DIAGNOSTIC REAGENTS & KITS PRODUCTION OF CULTURE MEDIA PRODUCTION OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES VACCINES AGAINST MALARIA, MEASLES, DIARRHOEA, JAUNDICE CHOLERA ETC. THERAPEUTIC AGENTS FROM LOCAL PLANT RESOURCES

29. NATIONAL BIOTECHNOLOGY POLICY DRAFTED FROM A MEETING OF STAKEHOLDERS 1.Put biotechnology high on national agenda 2. Establish high-level Biotechnology Development Council (BDC) under the chairmanship of Rt. Honorable Prime Minister to review and revise biotechnology, appraise annual progress and solve problems for the development of biotechnology.

30. 3. Biotechnology Coordination Committee (BCC) under the chairmanship of Honorable Minister of S and T to carry out R&D in biotechnology to develop critical manpower and a curriculum for biotechnology to encourage private entrepreneurs and raise public awareness.

31. 4. National Biotechnology Research and Development Centre (NBRDC) undertake research and training as per national priority 5. Review existing legislation and propose new legislation or amendments to regulate biotechnology 6. Strengthen and develop appropriate human resources for biotechnology.

32. 7.Strengthen infrastructure in existing Institutions and set up new institutions as per necessity. 8. Encourage private entrepreneurs to set up laboratories, greenhouses and nurseries to propagate elite and disease free plants by using biotechnology tools. 9. Encourage the private sector to establish biotechnology related industries.

33. 10. Create conducive atmosphere for research, development and commercialization of biotechnology. 11.Devise a mechanism to set up one window system for the transport, import and export of biotechnology products. 12.Management of funds at national level to promote research and development of biotechnology.

34. 13. Establish linkages with ICGEB, FAO, WHO, UNESCO, CGIAR, COBIOTECH and IPGRI. 14.Establishment of venture capital, attractive tax incentives and financial assistance to qualified biotechnology companies. 15.Grant of financial incentives to viable biotechnology programs. 16. Promotion of technology transfer from laboratory to land and laboratory to industrial production.

35. 17. Conservation and promotion of indigenous biotechnology. 18.Develop a national biosafety system to monitor and regulate genetically modified organisms. 19. Design of patent law and intellectual property rights.

36. POSSIBLE ROLE OF BINASIA A SERIOUS CONSTRAINT LACK OF INFORMATION ON BIOTECHS NO INSTITUTION CAPABLE OF INFORMATION COLLECTION RETRIEVAL & DISSEMINATION * SO RELIES ON INDUSTRIALISED COUNTRIES FOR SPECIALIZED INFORMATION

37. SOLUTION TO INFORMATION SHORTAGE to conduct a thorough literature search on the existing information, which should then be stored in the institutes having the capability to manage information and make it easily accessible to biotechnology researchers. OR to set up a biotechnology information centre and establish a computer link with institutions in the industrialized countries. However this depends on the willingness of the institutions in the North to share their biotechnological information with those in the South.

38. PIVOTAL ROLE OF BINASIA BINASIA PORTAL *OBJECTIVES *ACTIVITIES *R & D COMPONENT *PUBLICATIONS WITH FULL TEXT *BIOTECH INDUSTRIES AND PRODUCTS *DISCUSSION FORUM OF BINASIA *MAILING LIST