1. 18th-Century Thought

2. The Enlightenment Isaac Newton John Locke

3. Augustan Age

4. English Intellectual Doldrums Science (Royal Society) Education

5. Scottish Enlightenment Joseph Black –Chemistry Adam Smith –Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations David Hume –Philosophical Skeptic

6. Encyclopedia Britannica

7. Religion Deism Latitudinarianism Methodism

8. Deism God as watchmaker No interference No formal religion Axioms: –There is a God –Vice punished, virtue rewarded (later)

9. Latitudinarianism Tolerance Doctrines defended on human reason Religious “enthusiasm” bad Downplayed miracles

10. Methodism Anglicans until 1790s Encouraged Enthusiasm Emotion before reason John Wesley