1. Fire Suppression Techniques IFSTA Chapter 14

2. Additional Reading Resources
IFSTA
Chapter 13 – Fire Streams
Chapter 2 – Fire Behaviour
Chapter 5 – Portable Fire Extinguishers
In the context of Fire Suppression Techniques

3. Overview Fire Control. Roles & Coordination of Fire Crews. Tactics.
Fire Attack Strategies.
Suppressing Class A Structural Fires.
Safety.

4. Overview Master Streams. Review extinguishing agents.
Class B fire suppression.
Bulk transport vehicle / passenger vehicle fires.
Class C fire suppression.
Class D fire suppression.

5. Fire Control Fire control is the 2nd tactical priority.
Fire control involves activities required to confine the fire, stop its forward progress and bring it under control.
Benchmark – “Under control.”
Support activities that assist in fire control: Ventilation, forcible entry, provision of access, fire streams, etc.
Discuss ventilation re: backdraft and flashover.

6. Fire Control - Offensive
an aggressive well placed interior attack with related support activities to quickly bring the fire under control.

7. Fire Control - Defensive
an exterior attack directed to first reduce fire spread and protect exposures, then bring the fire under control.
Exterior & interior cannot be combined simultaneously.
Marginal situations. HOSELINE & FIRE STREAM SELECTION (table 14.1 page 526)

11. What factor should be considered when choosing an Offensive vs
What factor should be considered when choosing an Offensive vs. Defensive Strategy?
Exterior & interior cannot be combined simultaneously.
Marginal situations. HOSELINE & FIRE STREAM SELECTION (table 14.1 page 526)

12. OFFENSIVE AND DEFENSIVE ATTACKS CAN NOT TAKE PLACE SIMULATNEOUSLY!
Exterior & interior cannot be combined simultaneously.
Marginal situations. HOSELINE & FIRE STREAM SELECTION (table 14.1 page 526)

13. “MARGINAL” An INITIAL attack strategy ONLY Serious working fire
Limited opportunity for offensive attack
While offensive attack is in progress – hose lines are put in place to switch to a defensive attack
When would you use this strategy?

15. Hose line selection
Consider:
Fire progress

16. Hose line selection
Consider:
Fire load – potential

17. Hose line selection
Consider:
Flow required

18. Hose line selection
Consider:
Reach required

19. Hose line selection
Consider:
Manpower available

20. Hose line selection
Consider:
Water available

21. Hose line selection Consider: Fire progress Fire load – potential
Flow required
Reach required
Manpower available
Water available

22. Hose line selection See chart page 536 table 14.1 38 mm
lpm (360)
8-15 m
1 or 2
45 mm
lpm 2
65 mm
lpm (900 lpm)
15-30 m
2–4 (1)
Master Stream
lpm (2000 lpm)
30-60 m 1

23. Fire Company Roles & Tactics
Remember Incident Management system at all time
IMS is a fluid, dynamic system
Assigned roles can change based on situation
As a crew (pair) complete your assigned task and report when you are done
No freelancing EVER!
SAFETY!

24. Fire Company Roles & Tactics
First-in Pumper
Assumes command
Size up – tactical priorities
Develops an attack plan (offensive/defensive/marginal strategy)
Establishes a water supply
Provides hose lines for fire control

25. Fire Company Roles & Tactics
First in hand lines
Support rescue (before or after)
Between the victims & the fire
Protect escape routes (stairs!)
Cut off fire (interior exposures)
Control hallways & stairs
Initiate extinguishment from unburned side – when?

26. Fire Company Roles & Tactics
Second Pumper
Assist with water supply
Crews back up initial lines
Protects secondary means of egress
Prevent fire extension
Protects exposures
Assists with extinguishments
Aerial
Assist with search & rescue
Ventilation (PPV, vertical, etc.)
Ladder building
Provide elevated master streams (defensive)
Salvage & overhaul
STRESS IMPORTANCE OF VENTILATION

27. Fire Company Roles & Tactics
Rescue
Forcible entry (specialized equip)
Search & rescue
Assist with fire attack when required
Ventilation
Salvage & overhaul
Lighting
R.I.T. teams
District Chief
Assumes command
Coordinates all fire ground activities
Assigns crews tasks
Evaluates strategy (and tactics?)
Manages resources
Liaison with other agencies & media

28. Safety Precautions
Full PPE & SCBA, hose line, radio, forcible entry tool.
IMS – appropriate strategy, tactics and tasks.
Work in pairs or crews.
Entry control.
Back up crews and lines.
R.I.T. crews.
Structural conditions.
Fire conditions.(backdraft, flashover, location)
Building hazards (contents, electrical, construction)
Do not let fire cut you off.

29. BREAK TIME

30. Fire Attack Methods
Effective fire control is achieved by applying the right amount of water (or other medium), in the right form, in the right place.

31. Fire Attack Methods
Prior to entering a structure, set the nozzle pattern, and bleed off air.
Wait at doorway for order to advance.
Stay to one side of any doors, nobody should block doorway, stay low.
Fire crew should be between the fire & the exit.

32. Fire Attack Methods

33. Fire Attack Methods Direct Attack Indirect Attack Combination Attack
Not to be confused with an attack strategy (offensive/defensive/marginal)

34. Fire Attack Methods - Direct
Narrow or straight stream applied directly to the seat of the burning materials.
Water is applied in short bursts. (5-10secs)
This will darken down the fire, and will not upset the thermal layering.

35. Class A Structural Fire Direct Attack
Solid / straight stream.
Short bursts at base of fire.
Close position.

36. Fire Attack Methods - Indirect
Fire stream distributed throughout the heated upper portion of a room with a sweeping motion.
Used when crews are unable to enter the area due to intense fire conditions.(doorway or window)

37. Fire Attack Methods - Indirect
Generates steam production, ventilate area and advance line to extinguish hot spots with direct attack.
DISTURBS THE THERMAL LAYERING
RISK OF BURNS TO FIREFIGHTING TEAMS

38. Class A Structural Fire Indirect Attack
Solid / straight / narrow fog pattern.
Stream directed at ceiling.
Sweeping motion.

39. Fire Attack Methods - Combination
A narrow or straight fog pattern distributed throughout the fire area by a rapid clockwise rotating motion.
This method quickly controls the fire and reduces the chance of flashover.
Disrupts the thermal balance, limiting visibility.

40. Class A Structural Fire Combination Attack
Solid / straight / narrow fog.
Stream directed at ceiling, walls and burning materials in T, Z or O pattern.

41. Improper Fog Nozzle Attack

42. Proper Fog Nozzle Attack

43. Basement Fires

44. Highrise Fires

45. Highrise Fires

46. Trash / Dumpster Fires

47. Master Streams Defensive operations:
(large fire beyond the control of handlines, can be used in an area that is unsafe for personnel)
Direct fire attack
Exposure protection
Cooling for flammable gas/liquid storage tanks
Elevated master streams – advantage of extra reach!
SURROUND & DROWN!!!!