1. The Muscular and Skeletal Systems… Mr. P. Leighton GCSE THEORY

2. In Todays’ Lesson… All of you: will understand the key terms and needs of the muscular system including how muscles work in pairs, how they contract, when they get bigger and when they waste due to injury. All of you: will understand the key terms and needs of the muscular system including how muscles work in pairs, how they contract, when they get bigger and when they waste due to injury. Will also understand the basics of the skeletal system- what it does and how. Will also understand the basics of the skeletal system- what it does and how.

3. Most of you… Will cover the role of the muscular system quickly. Will cover the role of the muscular system quickly. Will understand the basics of the skeletal system- what it does and how whilst also beginning to understand how bones meet at joints. Will understand the basics of the skeletal system- what it does and how whilst also beginning to understand how bones meet at joints.

4. Some of you… Will cover the role of the muscular system quickly. Will cover the role of the muscular system quickly. Will understand the basics of the skeletal system- what it does and how whilst also beginning to understand how bones meet at joints. Will understand the basics of the skeletal system- what it does and how whilst also beginning to understand how bones meet at joints. Will cover the H/W activity in lesson to allow you to cover more in your revision. Will cover the H/W activity in lesson to allow you to cover more in your revision.

5. The Muscular System… We briefly covered this before Easter (post it note activity) We briefly covered this before Easter (post it note activity) For your exam you need to understand… For your exam you need to understand… –How to spell the particular muscles: not abbreviated i.e. pectorals not pecs. –What movement it produces. –How the muscles work in pairs (this will either be the biceps and triceps or quadriceps and hamstrings) –Look at page 142 in the book- fill in the worksheet I have provided with the terms…

6. MuscleProducesExample Deltoid Abducts the upper arm Trapezius Rotates the shoulder back Lattisimus Dorsi Rotates the arm at shoulder Pectorals Adduction of arm Abdominals Flexion and rotation of trunk Biceps Flexion at elbow Triceps Extension at elbow Gluteals Extension of leg Quadriceps Extension of leg at the knee Hamstrings Flexion of leg at the knee Gastrocnemius Plantarflexion of the foot

7. How do muscles work? Muscles work in ANTAGONISTIC PAIRS… Muscles work in ANTAGONISTIC PAIRS… As the Bicep (Agonist) contracts the Triceps relax (Antagonist) As the Bicep (Agonist) contracts the Triceps relax (Antagonist) Muscles work by contracting as we know… Muscles work by contracting as we know… ISOTONIC CONTRACTIONS: Working movements where muscles move. ISOTONIC CONTRACTIONS: Working movements where muscles move. ISOMETRIC CONTRACTIONS: Where muscles work by staying still i.e.? ISOMETRIC CONTRACTIONS: Where muscles work by staying still i.e.?

8. Muscular Hypertrophy… This occurs when using which training principle? This occurs when using which training principle? A: Progressive Overload A: Progressive Overload We know that when muscles work they become damaged on a micro level. We know that when muscles work they become damaged on a micro level. This is why rest and recovery are so important. This is why rest and recovery are so important.

9. Muscular Atrophy… Stopping strength training suddenly (illness or injury) can result in the loss of size or strength. Stopping strength training suddenly (illness or injury) can result in the loss of size or strength. This is why players don’t usually return straight back to action after injury. This is why players don’t usually return straight back to action after injury.

10. The Skeletal System 206 Bones make up the Human Body. 206 Bones make up the Human Body. But what are the main jobs of these bones? But what are the main jobs of these bones?

11. MOVEMENT Where bones meet they form ________. Where bones meet they form ________. The bones act as ________. The bones act as ________. _________ attach muscles to bones enabling both fine and gross movements such as… _________ attach muscles to bones enabling both fine and gross movements such as…

12. SUPPORT The skeleton supports the body in a variety of positions. The skeleton supports the body in a variety of positions. _________________ _________________ The support of the skeleton also affects _____________ and B______ C_________. The support of the skeleton also affects _____________ and B______ C_________.

13. Protection Which organs or structures do the following protect? Which organs or structures do the following protect? A: _______ B:___________ B:___________ C:____________ C:____________

14. H/W task… This can be done in class with a book or by using the internet at home. This can be done in class with a book or by using the internet at home. Pg 154-155 has all the information on this. Pg 154-155 has all the information on this. I would like you to make notes on the TWO most important joints in the body: HINGE and BALL and SOCKET joints. I would like you to make notes on the TWO most important joints in the body: HINGE and BALL and SOCKET joints. These are the ONLY joints you need to know for the exam. These are the ONLY joints you need to know for the exam. Diagrams are good to help you remember. Diagrams are good to help you remember.