1. Communism and The Russian Revolution

2. Objectives
Students will be able to explain the main beliefs and values of Marxist Communism.
Students will be able to explain the long-term and short-term causes of the Russian Revolution.
Students will be able to explain the long-term and short-term consequences of the Russian Revolution.

3. Karl Marx-Life Marx was born in Prussia in 1818.
He moves to France in 1843.
He meets Friedrich Engles in 1844.

4. Karl Marx-Life
In 1845 he is kicked out of France and goes to Belgium where he meets the League of the Just.
In 1847 he writes down the ideas of the League of the Just, which becomes the Communist Manifesto.
He dies in London in 1883.

5. Karl Marx- Thoughts History is a series of class struggles.
There are 2 classes: a group who owns the means of production (bourgeoisie) and those who work (proletariat).
Believes that people are naturally good and society and men can be perfect.

6. Thoughts (con.)
Working is a natural condition for man so it brings joy.
Capitalism alienates man.

7. Communism The state or government is the vehicle of class domination.
Political power is the organized power of one class oppressing another.

8. Steps to create Communism
Proletariat must unite and overthrow the bourgeoisie.
Make the proletariat the ruling class, create a democracy.

9. Steps to Communism Abolish property Institute a heavy graduated tax
Abolish inheritance
Take property of immigrants and rebels
Government takes control of banks and communication, factories, factors of production, and farms.

10. September 23—Why do you think Communism was popular after WWI?

11. Steps to Communism
Everyone works. Creation of industrial and agricultural armies.
Equally distribute population over the country.
Free education for all children in public schools.

12. Communism
When class distinctions have disappeared and all production is in the hands of the whole nation, the government will be dissolved.

13. Key Terms Nicholas II March Revolution Soviets Bolsheviks
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

14. WWI and the Revolution Russia was cut off from trade
Central Powers cut Russia’s land routes to the West and Russia’s naval access to the Dardanelle Straits
Trade was limited to the Siberian ports of Vladivostock and Archangel which were served by only 1 railroad line.

15. Causes of the Revolution
Food shortages began in 1914 when the military requisitioned railroad cars.

16. Causes of the Revolution
Government inefficiency—In September 1915 Nicholas assumed personal command of the Russian Army and disbanded the Duma.
After September 1915 political authority was in the hands of Alexandria and Rasputin. In a short time the two disorganized the entire Russian government.

17. Causes of the Revolution
Russia was unprepared both militarily and technologically for the total war of World War I.
Between 1914 and 1916, two million soldiers were killed while another 4-6 million were wounded or captured.

18. The March Revolution
On March 8, 1917 about 100,000 women marched through Petrograd demanding “Peace and Bread” and “Down with Autocracy.”
Women and workers called for a general strike and all the factories in the city were shut down.

19. The March Revolution
On March 10 Nicholas ordered troops to break up the crowds by shooting them if necessary. Initially the troops did so, but soon many soldiers began to join the demonstrators.

20. September 26—What do you know about VI Lenin?

21. The March Revolution
On March 12, the Duma established a provisional government.
Nicholas II resigned on March 15.
The new provisional government decided to remain in the war which left the peasants and workers unsatisified.

22. The Soviets
Councils composed of representatives from the workers and soldiers.
Were largely made up of socialists, who represented the more radical interests of the lower class.

23. The Soviets Were divided into 2 groups: Mensheviks and Bolsheviks
Mensheviks wanted the socialists to cooperate temporarily in a parliamentary democracy while working toward creating a socialist state.

24. Bolsheviks Led by Vladimir Lenin
Became a party dedicated to violent revolution.

25. Bolsheviks
Lenin realized that the soviets were ready-made instruments of power. He had the Bolsheviks gain control of these groups and then used them to overthrow the provisional government.

26. Bolsheviks Promised an end to the war
Redistribution of all land to the peasants
Transfer of factories and industries from capitalists to committees of workers
Transfer of government power to the soviets

27. Support of the military
The Petrograd Soviet issued Army Order Number 1 in March 1917 and by July the army had dissolved as an effective fighting force as masses of soldiers deserted.

28. Bolshevik Revolution
During the night of November 6, Bolshevik forces seized the Winter Palace and the government quickly dissolved.

29. Effects of the Russian Revolution
On March 3, 1918 Lenin signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany.
Russia gave up regions containing 25% of their population and much of its wealth.

31. Effects of the Russian Revolution
Between 1918 and 1921, the Communists or Red Army fought a civil war against the White Army.
The White Army was supported by foreign forces. At 1 point, over 100,000 foreign troops, mostly Japanese, British, American and French were stationed on Russian soil.

32. Effects of the Russian Revolution
White Army was split between those who supported the tsar and those who wanted democracy.
By 1920, the major White forces had been defeated and the foreign troops left after the troops mutinied since they had not desire to fight and perhaps die in Russia.

33. Effects of the Russian Revolution
At the Versailles Conference, the Allies suggested a boundary for Poland that would set the Poles to the west and non-Poles to the east.
The Polish government wanted “historic” boundaries which required Russia to surrender all land west of the 1772 border.
Russia refused.

34. Effects of the Russian Revolution
Poland launched an attack in the spring of 1920 and by October the two sides agreed to a new frontier short of the 1772 border.
It left 4 million non-Poles inside Poland, a humiliation which Soviet forces were quick to avenge in 1939.

35. Effects of the Russian Revolution
On July 16, 1918 Nicholas II and his family are executed
Romanov dynasty which had ruled Russia for 300 years comes to an end.

36. AP p. 746-757 Sacco and Vanzetti KKK Emergency Quota Act of 1921
Immigration Act of 1924
John T. Scopes

37. Compare and Contrast Marxism and Leninism

38. Marxism
Leninism
Country must be industrialized
History is a series of struggles between bourgeoisie and proletariat
First step is a revolution of a proletariat followed by a dictatorship of the proletariat that redistributes land and wealth.
When there are no more classes, the government is disbanded.
Country is agricultural
Struggle is between the peasants and landowners
Intelligentsia (educated people) are going to unite peasants and lead them in a revolution
Dictatorship of Intelligentsia begins industrialization and redistributes land and wealth