1. Engine Oil Jason Dearden Steven Lemos Engineering 45 Santa Rosa Junior College Spring 2009

2. What Is Engine Grade Oil American Petroleum Institute (API) American Petroleum Institute (API) Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)

3. A Brief History of Motor Oil 1846 Crude oil refining process discovered Single Grade oil Multi Grade oil Synthetic oil first sold commercially in 1970

4. Properties Physical Physical Flash Point Flash Point Pour Point Pour Point Viscosity Viscosity Chemical Chemical Basic properties Basic properties Detergents Detergents

5. Viscosity Viscosity is the measure of a fluids resistance to flow Viscosity is the measure of a fluids resistance to flow How to measure viscosity How to measure viscosity Units: Units: Dynamic: Pa-s, Dynamic: Pa-s, Kinematic: Stokes (St) Kinematic: Stokes (St)

6. Viscosities of common fluids: (At 25°C) Viscosity (Pa·s) Viscosity (cPoise) acetone 3.06 × 10 −4 0.306 benzene 6.04 × 10 −4 0.604 blood (37 °C) 3–4 × 10 −3 3–4 castor oil0.985985 corn syrup1.38061380.6 ethanol 1.074 × 10 −3 1.074 ethylene glycol 1.61 × 10 −2 16.1 glycerol1.51500 HFO-3802.0222022 mercury 1.526 × 10 −3 1.526 methanol 5.44 × 10 −4 0.544 nitrobenzene 1.863 × 10 −3 1.863 liquid nitrogen @ 77K 1.58 × 10 −4 0.158 propanol 1.945 × 10 −3 1.945 olive oil0.08181 pitch 2.3 × 10 8 2.3 × 10 11 sulfuric acid 2.42 × 10 −2 24.2 water 8.94 × 10 −4 0.894

7. Single Grade oil Viscosity Multi Grade Oil viscosity index improvers (VII) CCS=Cold Cranking Simulator=ease of engine cranking while cold MRV=Mini Rotary Viscometer=Low temperature pumpability

8. SAE W viscosity grades for engine oils Gradecrankingpumping 0w3250cP at -30°C60,000cP at -40°C 5w3500cP at -25°C60,000cP at -35°C 10w3500cP at -20°C60,000cP at -30°C 15w3500cP at -15°C60,000cP at -25°C 20w4500cP at -10°C60,000cP at -20°C 25w6000cP at -5°C60,000cP at -15°C SAE viscosity grades for engine oils Gradelow shearhigh shear 20 5.6 - 9.3 cSt at 100°C2.6 cP at 150°C 30 9.3 - 12.5 cSt at 100°C2.9 cP at 150°C 40 a 12.5 - 16.3 cSt at 100°C2.9 cP at 150°C 40 b 12.5 - 16.3 cSt at 100°C3.7 cP at 150°C 5016.3 - 21.9 cSt at 100°C3.7 cP at 150°C 6021.9 - 26.1 cSt at 100°C3.7 cP at 150°C a (0w-40, 5w-40, 10w-40 grades) b (15w-40, 20w-40, 25w-40, 40 grades) Cold Temp Running Temp

9. How Do Combustion Engines Work? A General Combustion Engines take the Linear motion of a piston and convert it into Rotation. You can see the piston moving side to side, connected to the piston is the rod, which is then connected to the Crank, which delivers your rotation to whatever you need it for. You get the piston to move by combusting fuel and air creating a high pressure forcing the piston down on the “power stroke”. An engine speed is rated in RPM (Revolutions per Minute). CrankRodPistonCombustion Chamber

10. Why do engines need oil Lubrication of moving parts Lubrication of moving parts Engines move anywhere from 2000RPM-6000RPM in Street vehicles and up to 19,000RPM + in Race Engine. Parts would not last with metal to metal contact. You need a barrier between parts to cut down friction, oil is your barrier. Cooling Cooling Oil also acts as a heatsink for the engine, and as stated above, you need oil to cut down friction, if there was no oil the heat caused from friction would be enough to destroy any engine. Cleaning Cleaning Oil acts in another way, it removes dust particles that enter the engine, and some of the carbon build up in the engine. This is one of the reasons it is important to change your oil.

11. So, what happens to an engine without oil??? Engine Seizes Engine Seizes Parts wear out very rapidly Parts wear out very rapidly Catastrophic failures Catastrophic failures Holes in Engine Blocks Holes in Engine Blocks

13. Questions?