1. Mr. Seiberg

2. Why is it called the Cold War?
There were no weapons fired at each other!
Major Principles:
Democracy vs. Communism (Alliances)
New Foreign Policies
Arms building
Changes in society: education, fear, technology, sports, and the race to space
Conflict and Revolution
Nationalism and Independence

3. Causes of the Cold War
U.S. and the Soviet Union emerge as super powers with different government ideologies (Democracy vs. Communism)
Different Economic Goals!!
World trade (Capitalism) vs. Isolation (Preserve Socialism and Resources)

4. Tension Increases!
Soviet Expansion: Reshaping of post war borders (Ex: Poland)
Disputes over Post War Germany
Berlin Split into four sections
Soviets blocked Eastern Berlin from the contact w/ the Allies to cut off its food and supplies
Berlin Airlift ( )- Supplies dropped to help starving civilians in West Berlin
Berlin Wall: Constructed by Soviets to separate east and west (Becomes a symbol of the Cold War!!!)

7. Communist Expansion Continues
Soviets begin to take over nearby countries (EX: Poland, Hungary, and Romania that became known as satellites)
Satellites created a buffer zone from the west that became known as “the Iron Curtain”

8. The U.S. Reacts!!! U.S Foreign Policy
Truman Doctrine: Policy of containment- keep it where it is, don’t let it spread!
Marshall Plan: Aid to Western European countries to rebuild
US wants to make sure it has allies in the “fight” against communism

9. Potsdam Conference
New President Harry Truman met with Stalin and Churchill over the disagreements
Stalin continued to refuse to allow free elections in E. Germany and the countries of his iron curtain
Stalin declares that communism and capitalism could not exist in the same world!!!!

10. Alliances Form
N.A.T.O. : Western Democracies (if one is attacked all must defend)
Warsaw Pact: Communist Eastern Europe
Nonalignment : Countries chose not to take sides during cold war, India and China

13. Superpower Rivalry
Competition for Military, Technological, and Cultural superiority
Nuclear arms build up (increases fear and tension)
The race to outer space (Sputnik and Man on the Moon)
Education (Science)
Computers
Sports (hockey)
Will last until the Soviet Union breaks up in 1991

14. Revolutions and Conflicts
Communist Revolution in China (1949)
Korean War ( )
Cuban Revolution (1959)
Cuban Missile Crisis (1963)
Vietnam War ( )

15. “The Thaw”
Missile Ban Treaties: Both sides agree to destroy groups of missiles
Mikhail Gorbachev: Creates new democratic policies that open the door for expression and change (Glasnost and Perestroika)
Nationalism spreads in satellite states: Eventually Gain Independence
Fall of the Berlin Wall (1989): Symbolizes the end of the Cold War!!!!

17. Political Cartoon Activity!!!
Write a few sentences about how your cartoon deals with the Cold War
Hints:
Does it discuss a policy we talked about?
A theme of the Cold War?
A Race between the Superpowers?
Be prepared to explain your cartoon!

23. Cold War Regents Questions

24. Which statement best describes most Eastern European countries immediately after World War II? They
 1. adopted democratic reforms in their political systems
 2. became satellite states of the Soviet Union
 3.became dependent on aid provided by the Marshall Plan
 4.emerged as world economic powers
Stalin used economic and militaristic means to force pro-communists governments on Eastern European countries such as Czechoslovakia, Poland. These nations became known as Soviet satellite states.

25. One reason the Soviet Union formed the Warsaw Pact was to
1. ease the transition to democracy 2. help institute capitalism in Eastern Europe 3. limit the threat of invasion from Western Europe 4. challenge the economic successes of the Common Market
The Warsaw Pact was formed by the Soviet Union and seven of its satellite states as a response to NATO. The Warsaw Pact was a defensive military alliance.

26. During the Cold War Era ( ), the United States and the Soviet Union were reluctant to become involved in direct military conflict mainly because of
1. the peacekeeping role of the United Nations 2. pressure from nonaligned nations 3. the potential for global nuclear destruction 4. increased tensions in the Middle East
Both superpowers had nuclear capabilities and feared a direct conflict between the two could lead to a nuclear war.

27. In the Soviet Union, a negative aspect of the Cold War Era was the
1. attempt to preserve democratic ideals 2. development of peaceful uses for modern technology 3. development of effective means of international cooperation 4. high cost of maintaining the arms race
The Soviet Union devoted a majority of their economy to maintaining a balance of power with the U.S at the expense of their citizens.

28. Democracy (U.S) vs. Communism (U.S.S.R)
United States involvement in the Vietnam War and the Soviet Union’s involvement in Afghanistan were motivated mainly by a desire to
1. exploit the mineral resources of the regions 2. support governments that would remain strong allies 3. stop the expansion of Japan into the Middle East 4. establish independent nation-states in the regions
Democracy (U.S) vs. Communism (U.S.S.R)

29. A major development in relations between the Soviet Union and the United States occurred in the late 1980’s when the two nations agreed to
1. purchase all their oil from Mexico 2. withdraw from the United Nations 3. eliminate a group of nuclear missiles 4. ban arms sales to developing nations
Both sides worked together throughout the 1970s and 1980s to reduce the number of nuclear weapons each possessed.

30. Which statement best describes the political situation in Eastern Europe during the 1980’s?
1. nationalism has often been a strong force for change 2. communist governments have gained power through democratic elections 3. ethnic rivalries have been eliminated throughout the region 4. United States influence has been used to keep communist governments in power
Soviet Satellites having nationalistic feelings that eventually led to their independence from the Soviet Union.

31. · Blockade of Berlin · Operation of the Berlin Airlift · Organization of the Warsaw Pact · Construction of the Berlin Wall These events of the Cold War are examples of
1. efforts to prevent military conflict between the superpowers 2. situations that increased tensions between communist and democratic nations in Europe 3. attempts to weaken the Soviet Union’s control of its Eastern European allies 4. policies of peaceful coexistence and détente

32. Which was a major reason for the success of Soviet domination in Eastern Europe after World War II?
1. Eastern Europeans accepted the doctrine of Pan-Slavism 2. the democracies of Western Europe needed greater security 3. the Soviet Union had military forces in Eastern Europe as a result of World War II 4. Western Europeans feared that Nazism would be rekindled in Eastern Europe