1. Agenda

2. Review
What role did the abolition of slavery and the continued growth of British overseas trade play in the immigration to the Caribbean and elsewhere of peoples from Africa, India, and Asia?

3. Unit 5: Industrialization and Global Integration (1750 – 1900)

4. Essential learning: The new Imperialism (1869-1914)

5. Objectives
Evaluate what motivated the industrial nations to conquer new territories.
Describe the means used by industrial nations to conquer new territories.

6. Essential Questions
What motivated the industrial nations to conquer new territories?
What were the means used by industrial nations to conquer new territories?

7. Target: Motives and Methods
Land grab in Africa, Central Asia, SE Asia, and the Pacific.
Raw materials and new markets.

8. Motives – Political – status competition
Cultural – “White Man’s Burden”
Economic
Raw materials for industrialization.
Mid-1870s-mid-1890s depression
Fewer business opportunities.

9. Tools of the Imperialists
Shipping
Gunboats
Quinine – malaria vaccine.
New firearms (1860s and 1870s)

10. Colonial Agents and Administration
Colonialism – administering and exploiting colonies for the benefit of the home country.
Important factor – presence or absence of European settlers.

11. Initially needed indigenous elite cooperation.
Women seldom took part in early colonial expansion.

12. Essential Questions
What motivated the industrial nations to conquer new territories?
What were the means used by industrial nations to conquer new territories?

13. Agenda

14. Review
What motivated the industrial nations to conquer new territories?
What were the means used by industrial nations to conquer new territories?

15. Unit 5: Industrialization and Global Integration (1750 – 1900)

16. Essential learning: The new Imperialism (1869-1914)

17. Objectives
Evaluate why imperialists were drawn to the natural resources of Africa and how their presence on that continent changed the environment.

18. Essential Questions
Why were imperialists drawn to the natural resources of Africa and how did their presence on that continent change the environment?

22. Map 28.1: Africa in 1878 and 1914.
In 1878 the European colonial presence was limited to a few coastal enclaves, plus portions of Algeria and South Africa. By 1914, Europeans had taken over all of Africa except Ethiopia and Liberia.
Map 28-1, p. 745

23. Target: The Scramble for Africa
Egypt
Borrowed from European creditors to modernize.
British intervention in 1882.
Cotton enriched small elite, peasants struggled.
Western ways vs. Islam.
1890s – politicians and intellectuals wanted the British out.

24. Opening the Suez Canal.
When the canal opened in 1869, thousands of dignitaries and ordinary people gathered to watch the ships go by.
Fig. 28-CO, p. 738

25. Western and Equatorial Africa
Events sparked the Berlin Conference (1884 and 1885).
Occupation and troops.
Leopold II (Belgium) – “Congo Free State”
France and Portugal – most of the rest of equatorial Africa.

26. New rulers used West African trading networks.
Interior lagged behind.
Equatorial Africa – few inhabitants, little trade.
Land given to private companies.
Forced Africans to produce cash crops.
Congo Free State abuses – rubber boom.

27. A Rubber Plantation.
As bicycles and automobiles proliferated in the early twentieth century, the demand for rubber outstripped the supply available from wild rubber trees in the Amazon forest. Rubber grown on plantations in Southeast Asia came on the market from 1910 on. The rubber trees had to be tapped very carefully and on a regular schedule to obtain the latex or sap from which rubber was extracted. In this picture a woman and a boy perform this operation on a plantation in British Malaya.
p. 753

28. Southern Africa Afrikaners moved inland throughout the 19th century.
British prospectors and settlers, Indians.
Pastures and farmland, mineral deposits.

30. South African War ( )
British won, European settlers managed affairs.
1910 – Union of South Africa.
Natives Land Act – Africans (majority) on reservations.
Segregation and oppression.

31. Political and Social Consequences
Some saw invaders as allies.
Some fought.
Most tried living as before.
Disruptive changes in landholding

32. Colonial rulers interested in African labor.
Taxes and jobs offered.
Migrant workers.
Prostitution and spread of STDs.
African women
Some welcomed colonial rule, others were led into captivity.

33. Cultural Responses
Western ideas of justice and progress through missionary schools.
Many adapted Christianity to African values and customs.
Christianity made no inroads among Muslims.

34. Essential Questions
Why were imperialists drawn to the natural resources of Africa and how did their presence on that continent change the environment?

35. Agenda

36. Review
Why were imperialists drawn to the natural resources of Africa and how did their presence on that continent change the environment?

37. Unit 5: Industrialization and Global Integration (1750 – 1900)

38. Essential learning: The new imperialism (1869-1914)

39. Objectives
Describe the social and cultural effects of imperialism in Asia.

40. Essential Questions
What were the social and cultural effects of imperialism in Asia?

41. Map 28.2: Asia in 1914.
By 1914, much of Asia was claimed by colonial powers. The southern rim, from the Persian Gulf to the Pacific, was occupied by Great Britain, France, the Netherlands, and the United States. Central Asia had been incorporated into the Russian Empire. Japan, now industrialized, had joined the Western imperialist powers in expanding its territory and influence at the expense of China.
Map 28-2, p. 754

42. Target: Imperialism in Asia and the Pacific
Central Asia
: Russian forces in Central Asia.
Abolished slavery, built railroads.
Did not change customs.

43. Southeast Asia and Indonesia
Fertile soil, warmth, heavy rains, gardening, irrigation, terracing.
Europeans imported laborers from China and India.

44. Most wealth to Europe and N. America.
Transfer of commercially valuable plants from other parts of the world.
Most wealth to Europe and N. America.
In exchange – peace, reliable food supply.
Population increased.

45. Social changes Hunters and gatherers were displaced.
Immigrants changed ethnic composition.
Islam spread more successfully than Christianity.
Education and European ideas = nationalism.

46. Essential Questions
What were the social and cultural effects of imperialism in Asia?

47. Agenda

48. Review
What were the social and cultural effects of imperialism in Asia?

49. Unit 5: Industrialization and Global Integration (1750 – 1900)

50. Essential learning: the new new imperialism (1869-1914)

51. Objectives
Identify the economic motives behind imperialism in Latin America.

52. Essential Questions
What were the economic motives behind imperialism in Latin America?

53. Target: Imperialism in Latin America
Nations in the Americas followed two paths.
Canada and the US – industrialized, wealthy.
Latin America and the Caribbean – exported raw materials, imported manufactured goods.
Free-trade imperialism – legally independent, but economically dependent on a strong nation.

54. Railroads and the Imperialism of Free Trade
Agriculture and mining
1870s and on – almost every Latin American country had railroads.

55. Essential Questions
What were the economic motives behind imperialism in Latin America?

56. Agenda

57. Review
What were the economic motives behind imperialism in Latin America?

58. Unit 5: Industrialization and Global Integration (1750 – 1900)

59. Essential learning: the new imperialism (1869-1914)

60. Objectives
Evaluate how imperialism contributed to the growth and globalization of the world economy.

61. Essential Questions
How did imperialism contribute to the growth and globalization of the world economy?

62. Map 28.3: The Great Powers and Their Colonial Possessions in 1913.
By 1913, a small handful of countries claimed sovereignty over more than half the land area of the earth. Global power was closely connected with industries and a merchant marine, rather than with a large territory. This explains why Great Britain, the smallest of the great powers, possessed the largest empire.
Map 28-3, p. 760

63. Target: The World Economy and the Global Environment
Expansion of the World Economy
Imperialists brought territories into the world market.

64. Transportation
Suez and Panama Canals.
Steamships, railroads.

65. Transformation of the Global Environment
Economic botany and agricultural science.
Forests became farms and plantations.

66. Growing populations put pressure on land.
Irrigation.
Railroads – land and resources
Mines – runoff poisoned water.

67. Essential Questions
How did imperialism contribute to the growth and globalization of the world economy?