1. Political Divisions & Religious Warfare I HST 311

2. Wars of Religion The Horror of the Religious Wars leaves a lasting impression on Europe and gives rise to Serious Debates Over the Issue of Religious Toleration Big Question: What is the Proper Role of the State in Matters of Religion?

3. Protestant Reformation Martin Luther 1483-1546 Justification by Faith Bible vs Tradition Priesthood of all Believers

4. Protestant Reformation John Calvin 1509-1564

5. Henry VIII (1491-1547) Reign 1509-1547 English Reformation

6. COUNCIL OF TRENT 1545-1563 Internal Reform of Corruption in Church Internal Reform of Corruption in Church Affirms that both Faith & Good Works Necessary for Salvation Affirms that both Faith & Good Works Necessary for Salvation Intersession of Saints, Indulgences, Purgatory Intersession of Saints, Indulgences, Purgatory Affirms the Importance of Bible & Tradition Affirms the Importance of Bible & Tradition Affirms the Validity of Seven Sacraments Affirms the Validity of Seven Sacraments Affirms Transubstantiation Affirms Transubstantiation

7. Ignatius of Loyola (1490-1556) and the Jesuits Biography Biography Society of Jesus Society of Jesus Spiritual Exercises Spiritual Exercises Schools and Education Schools and Education The Miracles of St. Ignatius, Rubens 1617

8. Religious Situation in Europe

9. Religions in Europe

10. Wars of Religion Dynastic & Religious: Political, Religious & Ideological Dynastic & Religious: Political, Religious & Ideological Schmalkaldic Wars (1546-1555) and Peace of Augsburg 1555 – cujus regio, ejus religio Schmalkaldic Wars (1546-1555) and Peace of Augsburg 1555 – cujus regio, ejus religio French Wars of Religion,1562-1598 French Wars of Religion,1562-1598 Revolt in the Netherlands, 1566-1609 Revolt in the Netherlands, 1566-1609

11. Elizabeth I (1533-1603) Reign 1558-1603 Edward VI 1547-1553 Mary Tudor 1553-1558

12. Charles V, 1500-58 Holy Roman Emperor, 1519-56 Hapsburg vs Valois Francis I, 1494-47 King of France, 1515-47

14. Philip II 1556-1598 King of Spain and Ruler of the Netherlands and the Spanish Colonial Empire

15. Henry II 1547-1559 Diane de Poitiers

17. Francis II at age 15 and wife Mary Queen of Scots at age 17 in 1558

18. Charles IX 1560-1574 Henry III 1574-1589

19. Francis, Duke of Anjou 1555-1584 Margaret of Valois

20. Assassination of Henry III by Dominican Friar Jacques Clement

21. Elizabeth of Valois Philip II of Spain

22. Catherine de' Medici 1519-1589 Power Behind the Throne During The French Wars of Religion

23. French Wars of Religion,1562-1598 Catholic vs Huguenot Catholic vs Huguenot Major Families – Valois, Guise, Bourbon Major Families – Valois, Guise, Bourbon Henry II (1547-1559) Valois Dynasty Henry II (1547-1559) Valois Dynasty –Francis II (1559-1560) –Charles IX (1560-1574) –Henry III (1574-1589) Henry IV (1589-1610) Bourbon Dynasty Henry IV (1589-1610) Bourbon Dynasty Edict of Nantes, 1598 Edict of Nantes, 1598

24. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, August 23, 1572 Religious Violence Religious Violence The Importance of the State in Catholic Revival The Importance of the State in Catholic Revival

25. Henry IV of France 1589-1610 As Duc of Navarre he was the Leader of the Huguenots. Established the Bourbon Dynasty in France

26. United Provinces, Spanish Netherlands

27. Duke of Alba Enters Netherlands in 1567 William of Orange Leads Rebellion in 1568

28. The Spanish Armanda, 1588

29. The Thirty Years’ War